Magic shop - about Belarusian dolls and ornaments. Puppets amulets Belarusian dolls amulets meaning

There is a special doll for the destruction of mold in barrels of pickles - Akila-cucumber. His head is stuffed with mustard seeds and is therefore heavier than his body. Akila swims upside down in the brine, and mustard prevents mold from growing.

For Akila, undyed fabrics and threads made from natural fibers are needed.

Lady

The Barynya doll belongs to the so-called "folded" dolls, that is, made without sewing with a needle.

For older children, they made rag dolls, which they called "Ladies". First, the torso was made (without sewing with a needle), covered with a white cloth and tied in three places, then they took a long flap, covered part of the torso with it, bandaged it, separating the head. The remnants of the fabric on the sides were cut into three parts and braided pigtails - these were the hands. A skirt, an apron were put on the doll, a scarf was tied on her head (tied at the back).

Bereginya, Stolbushka

Protector of the family hearth. From ancient times it was believed that the house from the evil eye keeps the column. This is a rag doll without eyes and ears. She does not see or hear anything, it was believed that by acquiring facial features, such a doll gains independence and loses its magical and protective properties.

Doll Bereginya had a special meaning.
Bereginya - from the word "protect", "protect". This doll is traditionally placed in front of the front door, above the heads of people, so that it meets all those who enter and does not let evil forces into the house, protects the family from dark forces, quarrels, and diseases.

Despite the simplicity of the manufacturing technology of traditional dolls, they all turn out to be different, with their own character, so you need to choose from several dolls, for which “eye will catch”, the one that attracted attention, take that one, because she herself chooses her owner.

A sincere gift is a wish for good, joy, comfort, well-being, happiness.

birch bark

This is a doll-amulet with a prayer (slander) in a female form for the home. It is stored near a window or at a door behind platbands.

birch

Birch is a tree that was worshiped and used in all kinds of rituals that ensure a happy life. For divination, they made a Birch doll from a birch wood, a symbol of a birch. This is a chrysalis of one day, they guessed from it. In the morning they did it, in the evening they took it apart and left it on a birch.

Several girls made a doll together, they guessed from it. The doll was beautifully dressed up, decorated with birch branches, grass with inflorescences.

Insomnia

This is a magical lullaby doll.. When a baby started crying for no apparent reason, the mother, in order to calm him down and protect him from evil spirits, quickly rolled up the amulet doll and put it in the cradle, saying:

Sleepiness-insomnia,
Don't play with my child
And play with this doll.

The Insomniac doll was created from square pieces of fabric stuffed with soothing herbs.

Such a doll remained in the house forever.

Grace

Doll Grace - the Good Giver is made as a gift for Christmas or for the feast of the Annunciation on April 7th. You can do it just like that, as a token of Gratitude. Then Gratitude will return to you with good news. “First give, then ask.”

To be given with the words "Never lose heart and do not give up."

The Grace doll brings the good news to the house, the good and reminds the woman of her main task of Giving Good. For this, she has made a large soft chest.

A woman takes strength from the sky, so her hands are raised up and form a funnel. It seems that now, now ... she will spin.

The doll is made on a birch or mountain ash horn. Both trees are protective.

The doll was made bright, cheerful, joyful.

Rich

This pair of Zernovushki comes from the Moscow region. The rich man is an amulet doll. When creating it, they thought about their family, ancestors, and set a specific task: profit and prosperity for the next year, protection of the well-being of the family, etc.

They made a doll on the eve of the harvest festival of Osenina, the holiday of the Family and the family, timed to coincide with the day of the equinox on September 22.

God's eye

The most ancient amulet doll of our ancestors. God's eye is only indirectly connected with a person, so it is called a doll rather conditionally.
At its core, God's eye has a cross - a very ancient symbol. In this case, it personifies the spread of protective forces to the entire space - to all four sides. These are also the four helper elements: Fire, Air, Water, Earth. The number of multi-colored stripes is the forces called for help, as well as a symbolic designation of the generations of the family, stored in the memory of the family. For example, if you have knowledge of who your great-great-grandfather was, then there may be four colored bars on your home God's eye.

God's eye is placed above the front door to the house, room, above the child's bed, in a place that is clearly visible to the person entering. The bright and unexpected image of the amulet attracts the attention of the incoming, who forgets about the bad intention towards the owners of the house.

When creating the God's Eye, you must be guided primarily by your desire, because. a person intuitively feels what kind of support he needs and the amulet through the enhancement of a certain color gives him this.

White- associated with light, purity, truth

Red- fire, sun as heavenly fire, blood (life force)

Green- life, nature.

The black- Earth

Gold- sun

Blue- the color of the sky, water.

Violet- the color of higher spiritual abilities, enlightenment and reason.

Venichek well-being

This doll was made on Christmas Eve. To make it, you need a bast (bast), pieces of fabric, threads, braid and a variety of cereals (the more types of cereals, the more prosperous the coming year will be). This cereal was poured out at night in the red corner, it was believed that in the morning it would acquire healing power. In the morning, the cereals were collected in bundles (each separately), there should be an odd number of them, and hung on the doll.

They kept Venichek well-being away from the eyes of strangers, and only the hostess knew where he was standing. Groats in bundles were saved as a last resort, if one of the household was seriously ill, then these grains were added to his food. And since this is Venichek, the hostess could “sweep” everything bad out of the house secretly from everyone.

Veps doll cabbage , or Karelian rvanka

The Vepsians are a small ethnic group living on the territory of Karelia, the Leningrad and Vologda regions, who have retained their traditions and rituals, many of which are similar to the North Russian ones.

This doll belongs to their ancient culture. This doll is interesting in that it is both protective and playful. It was made from old mother's things and was small in size - just under the child's hand. The doll was intended to ward off spoilage and to play, accompanying the child for so long until it was torn or spoiled. Before the birth of the baby, in order to “warm the cradle”, this doll was placed in it. And then the doll hung over the cradle and guarded the baby, symbolizing a nursing mother, whose milk does not dry out, protecting from hunger. When the child grew up, he played with her. But this is not all the role of the doll, the image was multifaceted.

No wonder they say that children are found in cabbage. So, the girls made a Vepsian doll when they realized that it was time for them to get married, and put it out the window so that the guys knew that it was time to get married. Another Vepsian doll personifies the image of a married woman, a nurse. Her large breasts indicate that she can feed everyone.

The doll is a good talisman and amulet for both children and adult girls and married women. She is destined for the role of home Beregini, who, saturated with the energy of positive events and, existing in the emotional field of the family, gives confidence, balance, a sense of security to the entire space of the house.

Verbnitsa, Easter doll

The doll is made for the holiday of Christ's Bright Sunday, or Easter.
Making a doll is equivalent to painting Easter eggs and such a doll can be given as a gift for a holiday.

The willow branch in the doll represents growth, multiplication, fertility. That is why children were lightly "quilted" with willow branches so that they would grow faster. In ancient Russia, people swallowed willow buds, which, according to popular belief, relieved them of ailments and drove away any disease.
The Verbnitsa doll, as it were, consecrated the willow, with it the children went for willow branches before Palm Sunday.
The face and hands of the doll were made of red fabric, which personified Easter and the Renaissance.

stonefly, Ovsen small or Avdotya-Vesnovka

In ancient times, the Slavs celebrated the New Year on the first day of spring - March 1, which, according to the new style, falls on March 14. Celebrations took place widely, because the beginning of the new year was a symbol of the beginning of a new time.

From that day on, it was possible to start a new cycle of field work, to engage in other agricultural work. After the adoption of Christianity, this holiday began to be celebrated as the day of the venerable martyr Evdokia, who took on the image of Spring (Vesennitsa)

Sometimes it was made on the day of the vernal equinox, when, in accordance with the mythological views of our ancestors, the doors of Iriy opened and larks flew to the ground - heralds of rebirth and the fact that the whole space around woke up after the winter torpor.

It was then - on a fine spring day - that the girls went out to needlework on the street and made stoneflies - bright dolls of the most incredible colors. Vesnyanki were amulets of youth, beauty, therefore they had a perky, bright, cheerful image. Their obligatory attribute was a long braid of iridescent shades, the same braid that people have long been talking about - girlish beauty. Therefore, the doll's braid was certainly decorated with ribbons, beads, and the first flowers. The scythe was also the embodiment of girlish happiness and good luck.

Then the girls exchanged dolls so that none of them would be left without a gift, and wished each other health, beauty and joy.

They could guess about the coming year from the springflies - they collected all the dolls in one place, and the girls with their eyes closed took the first one that came across - they made predictions about their future by the color of her dress and hair. Red and green stoneflies were considered especially lucky, because they foreshadowed a meeting with a betrothed, as well as mental and physical prosperity.
Vesnyanka is a talisman of youth and beauty. Having presented such a doll to a man, you wish him to remain young and cheerful for a long time, to a woman - to always be charming and attractive.

girl-woman

The people call her a Changeling, Pinwheel. It can be called a doll of dolls, because it contains 2 images - 2 heads, 4 arms, 2 skirts. The secret is that when one part of the doll is visible, for example, a girl, then the second, a woman, is hidden under a skirt; if the doll is turned over, the woman will open, and the girl will hide. That is, the doll symbolizes the transition from a girl to a woman, but vice versa - from a woman to a girl - this refers us to the motif of birth - a woman gives birth to a girl who herself will become the successor of the family. Not without reason, among our ancestors, only a woman who gave birth to a girl and passed on her accumulated wisdom could be called a woman, and if only boys were born, then she was considered young until old age.

The girl is the embodiment of beauty, carelessness, fun, she is open to the world and gives everyone beauty and joy. And the woman is economic, sedate, she has all the worries about the house and family, she reflects a different state, she is turned to herself, to the unborn child, she protects the harmony and peace of the family.

The doll served the children as a detailed explanation of the difference between the girl's costume and the clothes of a married woman, since it did not require careful elaboration of details, but carried the most general characteristic: bright fabrics, a braid, ribbons are suitable for a girl, and darker tones, two braids for a married woman , twisted into a hairstyle and covered with a scarf (or even two).

Each image of the chrysalis performed its own function. If you turn the doll over with the “woman” side, then it will help in household chores and
protect the family. And if suddenly fatigue has piled on, and the days have become grayer, then you just have to turn the doll with the “girl” side - and the forces will return, and life will sparkle with rainbow colors, and the husband or loved one will present a pleasant surprise.

Devka fun

Such a doll was usually made by teenage girls, in whom the spiritual life moved to a qualitatively different level, their own non-childish questions, thoughts, and problems appeared. And not all of them wanted to share with relatives or girlfriends. Then the girl herself created an interlocutor for herself - a patchwork doll, which listened attentively to stories about the sorrows and joys of the young mistress. In a conversation with a doll, the girl, in fact, talked to herself, learned to independently find solutions to issues.

The doll helped to get rid of the feeling of loneliness and became a reliable intimate friend - hearing and understanding everything. She usually hid on the stove or in a chest. The hostess could give ribbons and beads to this unpretentious doll, create jewelry, so Devkina's fun was the first step towards understanding herself and her place in the world, in continuation of working on herself, the Zhelannitsa doll was usually created, which already helped to gain control over your thoughts, feelings and desires.

Day and night

Dolls "Day and Night" - dolls-amulets of the dwelling. Pupae protect the change of day and night, order in the world. During the day they put forward light, and at night - dark.

Doll "Day" - young, lively, active, hard-working and cheerful. She is the mistress of the day, and she makes sure that on weekdays people work, work, have fun on holidays, sing, dance, play, so that the sun shines during the day. The chrysalis follows the life of people in the light of day, protects the day. So that the day does not pass in vain, but really. Then the doll is happy, and people are fine.

Doll "Night" - wise, thoughtful, calm, she is the mistress of the night. The night is magical. It changes both things and people. She brings another world. Everything is mysterious at night. Everything familiar without sunlight becomes unrecognizable. And people become different. More frank, open. The most heartfelt conversations drag on after midnight. But most importantly, people sleep at night. Night makes sure that everyone calms down and goes to bed, rest from daytime activities, gain strength. She gives sleep and protects him.

tenhandle

A multi-armed producing doll, that is, designed to help girls preparing a dowry, or young women in their needlework: knitting, sewing, embroidery, weaving, so that they can do everything, and everything goes well with them, and there was always order and prosperity in the house.
It was made from bast or straw on October 14 on Pokrov, when it was time for weddings and needlework evenings. They could be made by the bridesmaids or by herself from a bast or an old mother's dress. In its manufacture, protective red threads were certainly used, and 9 red threads or ribbons-bows were necessarily tied to the hem.

The doll dressed up brightly, they could even “give her a present” in the form of beads around her neck, so that the tireless assistant would become even more diligent.

In the manufacturing process, wrapping the doll’s handles with threads one by one, the craftswoman mentally determined the sphere of help for each: “This one will help me spin, and this one will cut and sew the dress, and this one will help me make fancy embroidery on my beloved’s shirt on time ...”

After being made, the doll was traditionally burned to materialize her help, but it could also be left in the house and placed in a prominent place in the room in which the girl usually worked.

Didukh

Didukh (also called dido, didochok, sheaf-paradise, carol, kolidnik) is a sheaf tied in a special way, a sheaf from the last or from the best sheaf of the harvested crop of wheat, oats, rye or flax, decorated with dried flowers or ribbons. The number of bundles (ears in a bundle) should be a multiple of seven, since Didukh symbolizes the seven tribes of the clan.

The tradition to put in Didukh's house dates back to very old pre-Christian times.

Didukh began to be woven after the harvest and kept until Christmas. On the Holy evening, the owner of the house solemnly brought him into the hut, saying: "Didukh to hati - bida iz hati." Didukh was placed on the straw in a place of honor. His presence brought a festive mood, comfort and tranquility to the family.

The festive sheaf was in the house for a week, then the straw from under the sheaf was burned. Part of the Didukh was threshed and presented with grains to dear people or added to the grains intended for sowing, and fruit trees were tied with the resulting straw so that they would bear fruit well next year.

Straw amulet - Didukh, a symbol of a good harvest, peace and harmony in the family and prosperity in the house, has become an indispensable attribute of folk fairs and is beginning to take its rightful place among Ukrainian national traditions.

Wishlist

This doll, trimmed with ribbons, beads, buttons, was endowed with the power to fulfill wishes and was in the village of every girl. Intimate (necessarily hidden from male eyes), she hid in her own wicker box, sprinkled with essential oils. The hostess, taking it out of there, made a wish, sewed a bead on the hem of the doll or tied a bright ribbon, then brought it to the mirror, saying: “Look, what a beauty you are. And for a gift, fulfill my desire. And the desire was certainly fulfilled, and the doll returned to its place - in its box.

The choice of the type of desire depended on the temperament of the hostess and on the fulfillment of desires. The Wishful Woman could be a Poskakushka - light and fast, fulfilling wishes in the rhythm of the dance, made on a crosspiece from birch, mountain ash, cherry branches. Moreover, the type of wood also made its own adjustments. Birch gave the doll healing features. She provided assistance in matters of health, caring for loved ones, in family matters. The wisher on the mountain ash is a fighter. Her sphere of influence was the defense of interests, protection from negative influences, envy and malice. The wishful woman on cherry twigs - in a very feminine way, helped to maintain charm and attractiveness.

The second type of desire - Tiny-Khavroshechka - on a birch bark or cardboard cylinder. Its design made it possible to keep notes with desires inside. She is unhurried, but reliable, more thorough, economic and responsible. She was approached with desires of a material nature. She helped to increase goodness (both monetary and spiritual).

The Wishlist is a mechanism of working with desires, ingenious in its simplicity and wisdom, based on the principle of “letting go”. Such a doll allowed the owner to formulate the request as accurately as possible, prioritize between important and unimportant, and then let go of the desire without driving it inside herself, transfer it to the doll, relieving excess stress from herself.

And August was considered the best time for making a wishful woman. And they made such a doll most often once in a lifetime, then carefully preserving their faithful assistant and keeper of secrets.

Wishlist - do it yourself

Feminine essence

In a house where they are waiting and wanting a child, there was this doll.
They put it in the bedroom in a conspicuous place. The purpose of this amulet was to restore fertility to a woman.

It was believed that the doll had the ability to lure the soul of a child with its long braid. The doll must demonstrate a well-fed, rich life, must be smartly dressed. Her legs are very thin, always in shoes, her hands are in mittens, her body is plump (a well-fed girl).

The obligatory part in this doll (in fact, why it is called "female essence") is the left hole at the bottom. From which the filler sticks out - a tuft. On the apron is embroidered Rozhanitsa - Lada, giving birth to Lelya. In addition, the sign Ognevitsa was used, burning women's diseases, Vseslavets, symbolizing a strong family, symbols of the Sown Field, Moraine crosses, symbolizing the Transition of Hypostasis.

Bunny-to-finger

The Russian people had dolls in which people saw their helpers and considered them to be a talisman. Such dolls were made throughout life, starting from early childhood. They were twisted from old clothes worn by a father or mother. And dolls lived in houses, becoming not just a toy, but part of the world and a member of the family. Therefore, they turned to them even in difficult moments of life, talked, shared sorrows, and did not forget in joy.

A bunny on a finger was made for children from the age of three, so that they would have a friend, an interlocutor. The bunny is dressed on a finger and is always next to you. Parents used to give this toy to their children when they left home, and if you get bored or scared, you can turn to him as a friend, talk to him, complain or just play. It is both a friend and a guardian. Children are very responsive and see a kindred spirit in their favorite toy, open up and talk like with a living person.

This is such a bunny, quite difficult.

Health

Healing doll. Her competence is to help a person cope with the disease. Succeeding in this, she can even take the disease upon herself. Moreover, the healing mechanism of the doll is usually turned on with the help of kind thoughts and words with which a loving person will make this doll for the patient.

It is most often made from linen threads, since it is believed that linen is very environmentally friendly with its natural properties and, taking the disease upon itself, helps a person to get better.

This doll is maximally simplified in terms of manufacturing technique and is not decorated with anything. She is characterized by a long braid. For winding the entire doll, one thread is used, which is not cut or torn anywhere, of protective red color. On the chest of the doll, with the help of such a thread, a protective cross is applied - a sign of healing and protection.

She does not tolerate fuss, but on the contrary, it must be done, trying to stay in a state of goodness as much as possible, concentrating on thoughts about the sick person for whom this is being done. You can light a candle and read prayers or conspiracies. If the child is sick, the doll is placed in the crib, he can play with it, and as soon as the illness goes away, the doll is burned. Braiding a braid at a doll, one must say: "To health, to health." At the end of production and upon transfer to the patient, it is also necessary to repeat: "To health"

Porridge

Doll Kasha is the image of a girl of seven years. At the age of seven, the girl began to cook porridge for the whole family. As an assistant, they made a doll in the form of a bag. This doll was a measure.
Groats were poured up to the legs, water was poured up to the waist up to the neck - porridge was obtained.

How can Kasha help us?

Of course, organize cooking. You can ask the doll what to cook for dinner, how I can organize a weekly menu, ask me to help prepare a festive dinner for guests.

The doll is made from linen. The height of the doll is about the saucepan where the porridge is boiled. The doll is filled with grits.

The value of cereals:

rice - wealth,

buckwheat, barley - satiety,

oats - strength.

Goat

This doll is a calendar doll - it was made on the eve of the new solar year - after the winter solstice, laying in it the image of a happy next year.

The goat and the bear are indispensable participants in the Christmas Christmas round of courtyards, disguise, since these animals among the Slavs have long been associated with the cult of fertility. The goat was a symbol of vitality, and she had to bring this power to the owner of the hut and his land, the field, so that bread would be better born.

The goat was usually portrayed by one of the guys. They put on a sheepskin coat turned inside out with fur, smeared his face with soot, put on any hat to which straw horns were attached to his head. The guy-"goat" sat astride an arc - so carolers took him from hut to hut. At the same time, the goat danced, and her retinue sang.

The goat necessarily brought happy changes, joy, prosperity, fortitude to its owners, because it was a symbol of the newly born sun.

It is based on a wooden cross, and the muzzle, horns, beard are made of bast or straw.
The Goat was dressed in a special bright dress, on top of which ceremonial objects were fastened: pipes, hurdy-gurdies, tambourines, horseshoes as a gift for good luck, bells, bells, wooden beads, earrings, gift bags, well-being wreaths with small red bags with cereal grains, wooden a block as a gift to a bachelor, as a reminder of the need to get married.

Bell

This is a good news doll. Her homeland is Valdai. From there came the Valdai bells. In the old days, it was believed that the ringing of a bell protects people from plague and other terrible diseases. The bell rang under the arc on all the celebratory troikas. The bell was associated with a small sun, because it has a domed shape, and from above it resembles the sun. And inside the chrysalis there really is a real ringing bell.

The bell is a cheerful, perky doll, its task is to bring joy and fun to the house. This is a charm of good mood. Giving the Bell, a person wishes his friend to receive only good news and maintains a joyful and cheerful mood in him.

The doll was usually hung next to the door, and the incoming one touched it, a protective ring was heard. And the doll itself was the ancestor of the bell, and it is not for nothing that even now the tradition of hanging bells at the door is preserved.

The doll certainly made three skirts. And this is no accident, not only wealth and contentment were emphasized by this excess. The fact is that happiness also consists of three parts. Ancestors believed that a person consists of three parts - the soul (our inner "I", which thinks and feels), spirit (some divine power present in every person) and body (physical shell). In this regard, happiness is the harmony of all three parts. If the body is well, the soul is joyful, the spirit is calm, then the person is completely happy.

Kolyada

Calendar winter doll, the creation of which is timed to coincide with the winter solstice - December 25th. At this time, the most severe frosts were observed, according to ancient beliefs, coinciding with the revelry of evil spirits. The celebration of Kolyada, with its joy and optimism, expressed the belief in the inevitability of the victory of good principles over the forces of evil. To help Kolyada defeat and ward off evil spirits, the celebrants burned bonfires, sang and danced around them. Next, the carols began.

This doll is a symbol of the sun and good relations in the family. She was a portly woman, dressed in everything new and smart. On her behalf, carolers wished happiness and prosperity. They sang joyful songs glorifying the owners.

In some areas, carols ended near the fire with good wishes for themselves and loved ones and the burning of Kolyada. In other areas, she was left until the next year, so that she kept the harmony and sunny atmosphere in the family. Since they believed that with her arrival happiness, peace and harmony between family members would settle in the house.

The doll is anthropomorphic, in bags suspended from the belt, there are grain and salt (the very bread and salt with which guests are traditionally greeted). A broom is stuck in the belt, with which Kolyada drives away evil spirits.

Kostroma

Kostroma was the name of a straw doll, which in the summer was worn by girls in a round dance, they sang special ritual songs for it, and then they carried it to the river, drowned it in water or burned it at the stake. The celebration of the funeral of Kostroma was one of the main ones in the cycle of summer folk festivals.

It is believed that under the guise of the funeral of Kostroma - a straw effigy, the ancient custom of spring sacrifice to Yarila was preserved among the people. Churchmen severely persecuted such festivals. But despite all the prohibitions of the church, holidays in honor of such Slavic deities were celebrated in Kostroma and some cities of the modern Kostroma region.

Sacrum

At first glance, the sacrum does not look like a doll at all, but some 100 years ago, the sacrum doll was used in games instead of male dolls. The games were called, as they are now, "Mothers and Daughters". In addition, the sacrum doll had a pronounced meaning. The village guys also made the sacrum. The doll was made at the end of December, during Christmas time. According to popular beliefs, it was on Holy Week that demonic forces were released. The most reliable way of cleansing was considered to be bathing in the hole on Epiphany (January 19th).

According to belief, the water on this day became holy or sacred. People believed that when bathing in an illuminated source, evil spirits leave the human body. So that the evil and insidious demonic forces would not again take possession of a person, people made the sacrum doll. She was a "deputy" person. The sacrum was placed in snowdrifts near the hole. In order to attract the attention of evil forces, the cross was decorated with bright colorful ribbons and rags. Since young healthy guys mainly participated in winter bathing, the sacrum doll began to symbolize a man.

Krupenichka

Simple in appearance, the doll is a small one, but made with great love, it has a deep symbolic meaning, being a talisman for satiety and prosperity in the family. It was usually given for Kolyada, Christmas, and sometimes for holidays associated with the harvest. The doll was necessarily filled with grain (which symbolized the saved forces of the nurse-earth), preferably buckwheat, wheat or grain of all sorts at the same time, so that the harvest was rich in all types of crops.

The doll was made of burlap - a small bag was filled with grain and dressed up, a coin could be put on the bottom of the bag. Krupenichka kept highly valuable and rare seeds of the future harvest, she was carefully placed in a red corner. A guest entering the hut could determine by the chrysalis whether the family lives well. If the pupa was thin, then the family was in trouble, because in difficult times they took grain from the pupa. She served for a year, after the harvest season she was again filled with selected grain.

When sowing, the first handfuls of grain were taken from a bag sewn in the image of this chrysalis. The grain in it symbolized the saved forces of the Nurse of the Earth.
After the harvest season, the chrysalis was again filled with selected grain of the new crop. She was dressed up and carefully kept in a conspicuous place in the red corner. They believed that only then the next year would be full and there would be prosperity in the family.

In times of famine, they took grits from the chrysalis and boiled porridge from it. It was believed that this porridge transmits the powers of Mother Earth.
A guest entering the hut could determine by the chrysalis whether the family lives well. If the doll was thin, then the family is in trouble ...
And today this doll will help you to have prosperity in the house.

Values ​​​​of cereals in a cereal:

buckwheat− satiety and wealth,

rice( the most expensive grain) - for a holiday,

pearl barley - for satiety, oats - for strength.

Krupenichka - do it yourself

herbal pod

In order for the air in the hut to be clean, they made a useful chrysalis "Kubyshka-Travnitsa". They hung it where the air stagnated or over the cradle of a child.

The sphere of influence of the herbal capsule is protection from diseases, it must vigilantly monitor the physical health of all family members. This is a protector from evil spirits of illness, and a good comforter. Some special warmth and homely atmosphere emanates from a cozy round and soft doll, like from a good housewife. It really creates a pleasant and comfortable atmosphere in the house.

Her thick round skirt and knots in her hands are stuffed with healing fragrant herbs. Our ancestors believed that the aroma of grass drives away the spirit of illness, for this the chrysalis must be crushed in the hands. If someone gets sick in the house, they put it at the head of the patient's bed, if a child was sick, then they made such an herb for him to play or hung over the cradle.

When the Doll was first brought into the family house where it will be, it was certainly given to all household members who inhaled the aroma of dry herbs, tried to guess what the egg-pod was filled with, and asked to protect the house from diseases.

The doll can be put in a wardrobe, then its smell will perform another protective function.

The herbalist can delight with the smell of herbs and a beautiful outfit for a long time, because the doll is valid for 2 years.

Kuvatki (kuvaki)

Dolls that accompany the child from his very birth. Approximately two weeks before the birth, a woman made a twisted doll out of multi-colored shreds and laid it in a cradle in order to “warm up” the space in this way, to prepare it for the appearance of a new person. When the baby was born, the father of the child, in order to distract and deceive the evil spirits that could harm the woman in labor and the baby, performed a rite - "kuvada" - imitating the process of childbirth.
Bright kuvatka dolls were hung on the walls, because, in accordance with the beliefs, spirits angry with deceit brought down their indignation at the first thing that came their way. Kuvatkas should have been such a talisman. After that, the pupae were burned. And new ones were made, which were hung over the baby's cradle, performing the same protective function, distracting unkind looks.
Kuvatki were the first educational toys and rattles, they were strung together in whole bunches mixed with bright beads and shreds, so the baby received the first lessons in a variety of shapes, colors and textures.

Later, when the ancient rites were forgotten, but the mythological perception of the world filled with good and evil spirits was preserved, the image of the kuvatka was transformed into the image of an angel, retaining its protective meaning - colorful patchwork dolls were still instructed to protect the baby from hostile forces.

Kuzma and Demyan

Dolls about which Agaeva Irina Vladimirovna told

Head of the department of scientific, methodological and educational work of the association "Tula Regional Historical, Architectural and Literary Museum", People's Master of Russia.

Kuzma and Demyan - patrons of the family hearth and crafts

In the central provinces of Russia, there were traditional rag dolls Kuzma and Demyan. Name days of Kuzma and Demyan are celebrated on November 14 and are called autumn kuzminki. After the harvest in the villages, it was time for rest and weddings.

Saints Cosmas and Damian are Asian brothers, originally from Asia Minor. Their mother Theodotia raised the children in the Christian faith. Well-educated, skillful doctors, they healed the mental and physical anguish of people, treated animals, and free of charge, for which they were called unmercenaries.

Kuzma and Demyan are considered patrons of the family hearth, holiness and inviolability of marriage, organizers of marital

In the Korovchinsky House of Crafts, craftswomen keep and pass on the secrets of making amulet dolls. They could be seen during the "Dribin Torzhki".

It is difficult to find a person in whose house there would be no souvenirs. We bring something from trips, something our friends give us, something we just hang up "from the evil eye" or "for good luck". And if we look into the recent past of Belarus, we will find that for any occasions our ancestors created amulets with special energy from improvised materials with their own hands.

She told about the meanings of mascot dolls Valentina Viktorovna Moiseeva, House of Craft Village Methodist Korovchino Dribinsky district.

The way of life in Belarus in ancient times largely depended on the season, harvest, natural conditions - some amulets represent exactly this.

"Corn"- a very important symbol among all, it is a symbol of bread. Inside this doll is grain. On the Feast of the Intercession, when the harvest was already over, our countrymen collected grain in a bag, decorated it in this way and placed it in the house under the images. "Zernovushki" protected the family from hunger and helped to survive the winter. In the spring, the grain from last year's grain was the very first to go into the ground, and at the end of the year they made a new one.

And this - "Martinichki". These two figurines were woven in March from red and white threads. They symbolize the change of seasons from winter to spring, the victory of the sun, the new harvest season.

Of course, health has always been one of the main values ​​of Belarusians, and if a person fell ill, they used all means. For example, there is health doll. It was woven for a sick person from white and red threads, always linen, and placed in his bed. It was believed that she takes away the disease, bad energy. When a person recovered, the doll was burned.

At "padarozhnitsy" bundle in hand. They took it with them on the road as a talisman from any trouble.

At dolls for good luck- a long braid. It was believed that the longer it is, the greater the happiness, so the braids of all such pupae are very long.

Well, another value is family. Its creation is a big step into adulthood for a young couple, and there were also figures for this occasion.

This doll in the form of a curvy woman - "cabbage". It was used as an element of the game - checking the groom for readiness for the wedding. She was handed to the guy, and he had to get under all the clothes and look at the body of the doll - whether all the most important things were in their place.

When the bride and groom are ready for the wedding, they were given such a pair for the holiday itself. wedding dolls- these are young people in elegant, festive clothes, and children with them. Interestingly, the figurines have one common hand, as a symbol of the fact that from the day of the wedding they will go through life only together.

This doll is a symbol of wealth and fertility. Obviously depicts a married woman with children. Children, family are the main wealth of our countrymen.

When children appeared in the family, they were protected from evil eyes and diseases. "diaper"- figurines of babies. Such a figure was placed in the cradle of a newborn. The purpose is the same as that of the doll "for health" - so that neither the evil eye nor the disease touch the child, but switch to a "diaper".

There is also a legendary master in the Dribin region. These two figurines are the same person, Dripsha, a local craftsman. On the first figurine, he is depicted as a poor, simple man, in poor clothes, in bast shoes. So he lived before he began to engage in shapovalstvo, fishing, which is now the visiting card of the Dribin region. And already the second figure - felt boots, good clothes, and life certainly got better, everything was helped by mischief. By the way, felt boots are also depicted on the emblem of the Dribinsky Torzhki.

These wonderful traditional figurines are made in Korovchino.

Our ancestors in their amulets embodied worldly wisdom and simple values ​​that will never lose their relevance. And such figures (they can be easily made at home from improvised materials) keep the warmth of our hands and are simply pleasing to the eye. And the point is not so much in magical power, but in the good energy of such things. And for advice and a detailed explanation, you can always turn to craftswomen from the Dribin region.

In the abundance of modern toys, the doll occupies an important place, helping the child to realize the role of a person in society, in the family. Our ancestors used the little rag beauty not only as children's fun, but also considered it a powerful amulet.

History of dolls-amulets

Presumably, the first items resembling dolls appeared many millennia ago, when a person learned to process stone and other improvised materials. This is confirmed by a doll made of mammoth bone, found in the Czech Republic, with movable limbs. Sacred dolls of our ancestors were the personification of spirits, gods, served as an integral part of rituals and even sacrifices, were listed as powerful amulets. Such dolls were made from improvised means.

Ash dolls are considered one of the first. Swelling in water, the ash is easily molded into a ball, to which twigs and burlap were attached. This symbolized the hearth, accompanied a person when changing their place of residence. Later, with the advent of linen fabrics, a motanka (nodular) doll was born. The filler was straw, tow, bast, grass.

Different peoples had materials used in the manufacture of magical items: wax, clay, wood.

Slavic amulet dolls

Slavic amulet dolls

The history of dolls is rooted in the Trypillia culture that existed over five thousand years ago. Our ancestors worshiped the Sun, Sky, Water. The bull was considered a symbol of agriculture. The cult of a woman, personifying fertility and motherhood, dominated. Archaeologists have found many clay figurines proving this assumption. Probably, it was in that era that the rag doll appeared. Trypillian culture was quite developed, existed for about two thousand years, traditions and rituals were passed down for generations, so it has come down to our days. Such talismans were widely used as a powerful amulet: they protected from evil spirits, damage, diseases, brought prosperity and abundance.

They made dolls faceless. It was believed that similarity with a person is dangerous, since the negative absorbed by the amulet can pass to the owner. In the southern regions, an amulet cross was depicted on the face of the doll. They made a coil by twisting the fabric in a spiral. Ancestors associated this with the creation of the world.

The methods of making amulets are similar among all Slavic peoples, but depending on the area of ​​​​residence, they had some differences. Could be made from different materials: straw, birch bark, bast. The Ukrainian doll stood out with a large head and was armless. The Belarusian amulet was distinguished by the rich embroidery of the apron and shirt. Sometimes the amulet was made from corn leaves.

Russian folk dolls-amulets

Russian folk dolls-amulets

The Slavic amulet doll accompanied a person from the first days to the end of his life. The mother made a talisman for the child, even before birth, placing a lyalka in the cradle so that evil spirits would not settle there. Later, it was the baby's first toy. The craftsmanship of making coils from fabric is a purely female occupation, men were forbidden even to be around during the process.

The girl made her first doll at the age of 13-14, according to the accuracy of the work, they judged how ready the future bride was for marriage. The people's favorite was dressed up in different ways, depending on the region. The northern regions made amulet dolls in sundresses and aprons, they put a warrior and a scarf on their heads. The southern "wore" a poneva skirt, a traditional dress.

Depending on the purpose of the doll-amulet, the fillers were different: grain, herbs, salt, ash. An important condition in the work is not to use piercing and cutting objects. It is recommended to tear the fabric and thread. In Russia, the motanka was considered a reliable protector from an unkind look, envy, and damage. She protected the house from evil spirits, brought prosperity, contributed to a rich harvest.

Charm dolls made of fabric, master class

Doll Bereginya

Bereginya - the keeper of the hearth

One of the main dolls was considered Bereginya - the keeper of the hearth. How to make such a talisman we will analyze in stages. We will need:

• fabric with a bright print, preferably a folklore pattern;
• flesh-colored material - coarse calico, cotton, linen;
• dried herbs, cotton wool, tow - for filler;
• canvas;
• scarlet thread.

Step by step we will analyze how to make a Bereginya doll with your own hands

Tear off a piece of plain fabric about 8x8 cm. Fold it diagonally, place a filler ball in the center and wrap the material around it, tying it with a thread at the bottom. We make an odd number of turns - the base of the head and arms came out. We straighten the folds, otherwise wrinkles will appear on the face. We take the corners of the fabric formed to the left and right of the head, carefully wrap the edges inward, wrap them with thread at the level of the intended wrists - hands are obtained.

Let's start making the chest. We tear off two pieces of about 6x6 cm from the bright material. We fold them diagonally, place the filler in the center, then we bandage it according to the principle of making the head. The resulting breasts need to be wound to the base of the doll in a cross way. We fix an even number of nodes at the level of the navel.

We make clothes for Beregina. We measure the doll from the chest to the bottom. We got the length of the fabric along the shared thread required for the outfit. The width must be done with an assembly allowance. We tear off the resulting piece of material, apply it to the doll, below the chest, face down, on the head. We wind the thread along the waist line, not forgetting to assemble, lower the fabric down, with the front part out. We cut out an apron from a canvas and, according to the principle of a skirt, we fasten it under the chest. We measure the circumference of the head. With an allowance of 2 cm, cut off a piece of braid or narrow ribbon. We wrap it over the forehead and fasten it with three turns of thread on the neck. Determine the size of the handkerchief, tear off the canvas and tie in a knot at the back. Bereginya is ready, place it in the front corner of the house. It is a reliable protection against the evil eye, a talisman that brings prosperity and peace in the family.

Slavic doll Zhelannitsa

A doll capable of making bright dreams come true will become a friend for women. It is easy to make a wisher using our master class. We will need:

• natural white fabric;
• multi-colored pieces of material;
• threads;
• pieces of braid, lace.

We take a light fabric, fold the edges inward, tightly fold it into a spiral, which is a symbol of the creation of the world. Wrap the resulting column with the same material, calculate the size according to the length of the twist. Mark the head by bandaging it at the level of the neck.

On the face of the amulet doll we will depict a sacred cross. We wind a vertical line with a black thread, holding the end to the left of the head, in the center through the back of the head we bring it to the initial stage. We make several tight turns. Then we place the thread to the right of the head and continue to work. We repeat the same in green and red. Making a horizontal strip, hold the thread on the back of the head with your finger and change the direction of the coil. With a crochet hook, we stretch the ends through the neck winding, thus securing.

Determine the length of the handles, twist the desired segment into a spiral and attach it to the column of the body. We put the free corners of the fabric extending from the head onto the twisting of the hands, turn the edge inward, and bandage it at the level of the wrist.

We form the chest by placing cotton balls just below the neck. We fix it with a cross-shaped winding, we make a knot in the navel area.

Each turn of the thread is your dream. Think about what you want while making a turn.

The next step is making clothes for the doll. A pattern is not needed here, it is enough to understand the length of the skirt. We wrap a piece of multi-colored material around the head, wrong side out. We make a skein under the chest, at the same time shearing the fabric. We straighten the skirt down. We attach the apron in the same way. Make it on a par with the hem, it is believed that its length is a symbol of prosperity. Get your talisman a beautiful box or sew a bag, keep it away from prying eyes.

Doll Kubishka Herbalist

Revered by the Slavs doll-amulet Kubyshka-Travnitsa

The Herbal Egg is a revered doll that helps restore a person's health, prolong life, and purify the air in the house. It is not at all difficult to make it with your own hands, the main thing is to fill it with fragrant herbs, which contain magical power. The most commonly used are oregano, mint, wormwood, raspberry leaf, currant. In our work we use:

• a piece of natural fabric 17x5 cm - the basis of the body;
• cream or white material 16x16 cm;
• canvas fiber (tow) to give volume to the head;
• wool, cotton wool as stuffing;
• fabric on the apron, scarf, chest;
• threads.

From a natural flap we make a roller, bending the edges inward. We fold it in half, stepping back 2.5 cm from the fold, we wind the thread, fixing it on an even number of knots. We wind the flax fiber, thus forming the head. We take a square piece of fabric, wrap it around the formed ball, fixing it on the neck with several turns of thread. We straighten the folds, carefully pull out the corners located on the sides - these will be the hands. We bend the edges inward and tie with a thread at the wrist.

Let's start making a bust. We take 2 square pieces of fabric in the center, place lumps of filler and tie with a thread. We attach the breast-knots to the frame and fasten them to the waist and neck using the cross method, we tie the knots at the level of the navel. From the fabric into the pattern, cut out a circle with a diameter of 25 cm using a stencil. We collect the edges of the workpiece on a long thread, without completely closing. We put the herbs into the resulting box, insert the body of the Herbal Pod, tighten the assembly. To prevent the skirt from slipping, make a few turns of the thread around the neck.

Cut out the apron and wrap it under the bust. On the head we will put on a warrior made of braid, which we will fasten with a thread along the neck line, and we will tie a handkerchief, we will make a knot at the back. A hand-made amulet doll has a more powerful protective power. It is important that the amulet be made on certain days and in good health. It was forbidden to do needlework on Sundays and holidays.

Doll Krupenichka

Krupenichka represents well-being

Ancestors believed that a doll filled with cereals should be in every home. Krupenichka personified prosperity, abundance, symbolized rich crops. The appearance of the doll spoke of prosperity in the house. Even a novice craftswoman can do this.

We will need:

• cotton multi-colored piece;
• a piece of knitted material;
• thick linen;
• natural threads;
• lace 12-15 cm wide;
• cereals. Cereals;
• ribbons;
• coin.

We sew a “pipe” from a square piece of canvas fabric, collect one edge, tie it tightly, turn it inside out. The size can be chosen arbitrarily, the recommended one is 20x20 cm. We place a coin at the bottom of the “torbka”, pour cereals, and tamp tightly. The bag must be stable. We collect the upper edge on a strong thread, tighten it tightly, tying it into an even number of knots.

We got the base of the doll. We take lace for the lower shirt, wrap it around the body, wrap it at a distance of two-thirds from the bottom. We measure out the desired piece for outerwear from colored fabric. It should not close in front, between the vertical edges the distance is about 3-4 cm. Cut out a rectangle from knitted fabric, roll it up with a roller on both sides, leaving the central part free.

We get a zipun, which we wind to the body in such a way that the rollers turn out to be hands. Measure the required length for the doll. We cut out an apron, on which, according to the scheme, a sacral sign of fertility can be embroidered with floss threads. We put a warrior on the head from the ribbon, tie a simple handkerchief on top, place the knot at the back. Such a handmade doll will become symbolic or housewarming.

Symbol of prosperity, satiety, healthy children - Grace

A similar doll is distinguished by raised hands, large breasts. They made it on the eve of the Annunciation, gave it as a symbol of satiety, prosperity, healthy children. Let's make our own rag amulet, following our master class.

We use:

• sprig-spear (American maple is recommended, it has even forks);
• square fabric of dense natural textiles of white, flesh-colored head 10x10 cm;
• two pieces of multi-colored fabric 6x6 cm, one rectangular;
• cotton wool;
• a small piece of braid;
• patches for a handkerchief and apron;
• scarlet wool yarn

We take a horn and wrap the base with threads, starting from the fork to the end. We return and “close” one horn, then the other. We make the winding tightly, otherwise the tree will shine through. Put a ball of cotton wool in the center of the white patch, pull it with a thread. The resulting box, we fix it in a fork - the head of the doll. From colored pieces, according to the same principle, we will make breasts, which we attach to the base of the slingshot, just below the neck. A rectangular piece will serve as a skirt, wrap it around the head with the outer side inward, fasten below the chest, straighten the hem down. We measure out, according to the length of the sundress, the apron, in the same way we fasten it under the bust. We tie a warrior braid on the head, fixing the rope around the neck, put a scarf on top, make a knot at the back. The fabric sizes are approximate, be guided by the size of the slingshot.

Plantain was given to travelers for good luck and an easy road

A similar doll was given to travelers for good luck and an easy way. They made it small, for the purpose of easy storage in a pocket or bag. Such a crumb is easy to make yourself. We will need:

• cotton fabric 6x6 cm, 7.5x7.5 cm;
• cotton wool;
• colored material - rectangular. Quantity is measured by doll.
• fabric for an apron, handkerchief;
• Narrow ribbon.

We put a ball of cotton wool in the center of the square, bandage it - we get a head. Don't forget to straighten the wrinkles. We put on a warrior ribbon, fixing it with several spirals around the neck. Let's start creating clothes. Wrap a rectangular piece of material around the head inside out, wrap it above the shoulders, straighten the sarafan down. We take a flap of rectangular fabric, fold it four times, tie the ends. We received a blank for the hands, we fasten it with a cross technique to the neck. We put on a scarf. We will tie a basket of grain to the palms of Plantain so as not to starve on the road. Sometimes they were filled with ashes, as a symbol of the native hearth, protecting the traveler from dashing people.

Do-it-yourself amulet doll made of threads - step by step instructions

Do-it-yourself amulet doll made of threads

The doll is diverse in purpose and manufacturing methods. One of the varieties of motanok is a charm made of threads. In March, similar white and red dolls were hung on the trees, symbolizing the passing winter and the onset of spring. A step-by-step master class will tell you how to make a charm doll.

To get started, take the following materials:

• white and scarlet yarn;
• cotton wool;
• piece of cardboard 15x15 cm.

We wind 25 turns of red thread on thick paper, tie it in a knot, remove it from the template. Separately, we weave a pigtail from yarn of both colors, 30 cm long. We securely fasten the ends, leaving a brush. We tie the braid with one to the skein. The next stage is the formation of the doll's head. We put a cotton ball with a diameter of about 3 cm under the pigtail knot and tie it at the bottom. We distribute the yarn on the head so that the cotton wool does not shine through. We make hands - we will wind 15 turns on the same cardboard, we will tie knots on both sides.

Then we remove from the template and drag the ends, retreating from the edge by 2 cm and cut off, creating brushes. We lay the resulting workpiece inside the skein under the head and pull it under the arms - a waist is formed. To decorate the hem, cut the bottom. Such a doll should have a pair. Using the previous instructions, we create an amulet from white yarn and tie it to the second end of the pigtail. As you can see, making a doll with your own hands is simple, it does not require patterns and complex patterns. The main thing is to have a good mood and bright thoughts.

A rag motanka is an example of folk culture, which has a deep meaning.

The traditional rag doll is faceless. The face, as a rule, was not indicated, it remained white. A doll without a face was considered an inanimate object, inaccessible to evil, unkind forces, and therefore harmless to a child. The main requirements of dolls-amulets: when making a blank for the body of a doll, nothing can be pierced with a needle - everything is tied and tied. The needle can be taken in hand when you start decorating and dressing up. When making dolls, they tried not to cut the fabric, but to tear it (sometimes the dolls were called "rvanki"). Even the hair in the head is not desirable to sew. And the most important condition for the Folk rag doll - motanka - the doll must be cruciform and in no case resemble a real person.

Charm dolls are necessarily made with good (bright) thoughts, their task is to protect a person from "evil forces", take on illnesses and misfortunes, improve a person's well-being, and also help children through the doll world enter "adult life" as full members of society and adults feel like children again.

For newborns, the mother made a “baby swaddle” doll. The doll was sewn immediately before the birth of a child, with prayer, with thoughts about the future child; the fabrics for making were native - from a sundress, from the shirt of the father, grandfather, etc. - all this kept the ancestral and genetic memory. The chrysalis was put into the palm of the hand and, squeezing the fists, the baby himself massaged the entire inner surface of the palm. Today, a lot of children are born with various birth injuries, and osteopaths prescribe a similar massager, but it is made of synthetic material and is not made by the hands of a loving mother. A simple-looking doll - a baby is made quite difficult and, accordingly, carries a lot of important and necessary information.

The doll "Ten Hands" was intended to help the mistress of the house in household chores. Such a doll, made from the hem of the mother's dress, was given by the bridesmaids to the bride for the wedding, so that she could do everything and everything went well with her. Such a doll has many, many hands so that all matters can be argued, and at home there has always been order and prosperity.

A gift-for-a-gift doll is a training doll. She helped teach the child gratitude. It was the first doll that a child had to make himself at the age of 3-4 years. Grandmothers taught children to make this doll so that they could give it to someone in return for a gift, or if someone did something important for them. Children also made this doll for their parents, from an early age they learned to be grateful to them for taking care of them and raising them.

Doll "Wishful Girl" Every girl in the village had such a doll-friend. Nobody should have shown it, and if they wanted the wish to come true, they sewed a bead on the doll’s dress as a gift or tied a ribbon, saying: “Look, what a beauty you are! And fulfill my wish for a gift :)”

Doll "Freckle" With the onset of spring, the girls made and gave each other bright dolls with hair of unusual colors. These dolls "Freckles" had the power of a talisman of youth and beauty.

Doll "Wealth, fertility" The doll is a multi-component composition: a lot of children are tied to the body of the main mother doll with a belt. It was believed that a large number of children leads to the prosperity of the family, which means that in a house where there are many workers, there will always be prosperity. She, unlike most ceremonial dolls, was never burned, but kept in the house somewhere higher - on a closet, on a shelf, not giving it to anyone else. According to popular belief, such a doll helps to realize the desire to have a healthy child, and also affects the relationship between existing children and parents.

Doll "Pod-herbal" In order to keep the air in the hut clean, a useful doll "Poly-herbal" was made. The bag-skirt was stuffed with fragrant soothing herbs - oregano, St. John's wort, mint, yarrow or pine needles. The herbal capsule was usually hung over the child's bed so that he would sleep better, saying: "Drowsy - insomnia, do not play with my child, but play with my doll!" Or they filled it with medicinal herbs and placed it by the bedside of the patient, so that the herbal smell would drive away the spirits of illness from him. This is ancient aromatherapy.

Spiridon-Solstice People said: "Spyridon-Solstice carries the wheel in his hands." The holiday of Spyridon is a holiday of the winter and summer solstice, a holiday of the emerging or departing sun. He took part in the rituals of this doll. At the festival, rituals dedicated to the sun were performed. They rolled a wheel from the mountain and burned it along with other symbols of the sun, saying: “Wheel, burn, roll, return with red spring!” At the end of the holiday, the doll was burned without clothes, the clothes were cleaned for the next doll. They burned it with junk so that the doll would take with it everything old and worthless, releasing strength for a new life. The chrysalis is male and is given to a man to help Spiridon-Solstice to "steer" the owner of the house in his affairs.

Kuvatka This amulet doll protects the baby from evil forces. According to tradition, 2 weeks before the birth of the child, the expectant mother placed such a doll in the cradle so that she warmed her and kept out evil spirits. When a child was born, "Kuvatka" was hung over the cradle. Dolls can be hung in a bunch, but their number must be odd.

“Fevers”, “Shakers”, “Fevers” - this is how the spirits of diseases were called in ancient Russian mythology in the form of women - “shaking sisters”. In the monuments of the XVIII century. their names are found: Tryaseya, Otpeya, Glazeya, Avvareush, Khrapush, Pukhleya, Zhelteya, Avey, Nemeya, Deaf, Karkusha, Staring. The images of the shaking sisters are associated with the apocryphal motif of the daughters of King Herod - bare-haired women of demonic appearance. "Shakers" - small pupae on a bunch. Thirteen of them were made. The thirteenth, older sister is Kumoha fever. Kumoha is a stout woman who lives in the forest with her twelve sisters who look alike like twins.

The people believed that, on the orders of Kumokha, the sisters attacked a weakened person. They penetrate into the huts through the chimneys, and you can only protect yourself from them with conspiracies. That is why the manufacture of the doll was accompanied by a conspiracy, which was usually performed either by the oldest woman in the family or by a specially invited fortune-teller. The miraculous power of the conspiracy was considered effective if, during the entire process of making dolls, the fortune teller never lost the rhythm, did not interrupt the recitative of the conspiracy, and tied the last knot on the doll at the last word. It was believed that upon seeing the doll, the shaking sister would recognize herself and move into it instead of a human. Therefore, the charmed dolls were placed in a row on the stove by the chimney and were kept until the church holiday of the Most Holy Theotokos. Before the holiday they were burned.

Doll "Zernovushka" After the completion of the harvesting work, the peasants selected the best, selected cereals of the new crop in order to fill the bag-doll with it. The bag was dressed up and carefully kept until the next sowing in the red corner of the hut, in a place of honor next to the icons. The people believed that only in this case the next year would be satisfying and sufficient.

According to tradition, the Cleansing Doll got rid of the “bad” energy in the house. For example, after a family quarrel, a woman opened windows and doors, picked up a doll and, using it as a symbolic broom, swept all the negativity away from the hut. She, having the image of a person, is as close as possible to the game, and children can play with her. After all, it is they who are most interested in peace and harmony reigning in the house. And if the doll is made together, saying that the doll will reconcile those who have quarreled, then the child will be included in the opportunity to influence the relationship in such a symbolic way - bringing the doll to parents as a reminder. A positive orientation, even in conflict situations, is very important, and such a talisman doll will contribute to this. Live in peace and joy!

Not so long ago, on the pages of "Cross" we talked about why our Slavic ancestors created amulet dolls. Here we will show each coaster doll in more detail, tell you why and how to make it with your own hands.

joy bird

joy bird- ritual doll, which was used to attract Spring. In order for Spring to come, at the beginning of March, married women, who were the main characters in the rite, and young girls put on bright outfits and went beyond the edge of the village to call for spring. They wore hats in the form of birds, decorated with fur edges and feathers, that is, the women themselves appeared in the form of birds, because they believed that Spring flies on the wings of a bird.

There was even such a sign - if a bird sits on a woman's head, arm or shoulder, then she will be lucky and happy all year.

This doll makes a woman feel her destiny and attractiveness. It is made on birch wood.

Tatiana Bereznaya shows a master class on making a doll-motanka "Bird-Joy":

Doll-Veduchka or Leading to life

Veduchka has always been made by a woman who wanted to be a good mother, who always wanted to understand what her child wants and to educate him correctly. This doll has a special structure: the hands of mother and child are a single whole. Such a twist symbolizes unity, close connection, love and closeness of mother and child.

Mom needs to make a Veduchka doll for her child herself, with her own hands, so that the amulet has more strength and protects him more reliably. And to make such a doll is within the power of any mother who has at least initial sewing skills.

Folk Motanka Doll VEDUCKA can be made according to a master class from the channel 4preschool:

Overcome Grass

Charm doll Overcome Grass has a special sign of the Sun - a solar symbol.

It is believed that all solar signs are very strong protectors. Therefore, our ancestors respectfully treated this amulet! It is also called the Double Sign of Fire, which is a very important and most important Slavic talisman, because it protects a person from all sorts of illnesses and misfortunes. The Slavs dedicated the amulet Odolen-Grass to God Svarog and Radunitsy.

The action of the amulet increases at the time when the child laughs or some good deeds are done. It was believed that the Odolen-Grass doll was able to ward off “evil charm” from a person, in connection with this, in Russia there has always been a special attitude towards him!

To enhance the effect of the "Odolen-Grass" amulet, they say:

“Amulet Odolen-Grass, help defeat evil people so that they don’t think badly of me, so that they don’t wish evil, they don’t do evil! Slavic amulet Odolen-Grass, help to avert all sidelong glances, bad words, as well as bad deeds!

Herbal Egg

Herbal Egg- healing doll-amulet, which helps to clean the air in the house and prevent diseases. Usually it was placed in that part of the house where the air stagnated, or hung over the cradle. It was necessary to crush the bag of herbs before going to bed to fill the room with aroma, and then the air would become healing and everyone would sleep better.

Actually the body of the Herbal Puppy is the pouch filled with medicinal herbs. The use of the capsule depends on the herbs that the pouch is filled with.

For example, if you want a doll to have a calming effect, fill it with fresh sawdust, bark, pine needles and buckwheat or motherwort, lemon balm and pharmacy chamomile.

You can watch a small master class on creating a Do-It-Yourself Herbal Pot in the video from the "Academy of Development":

Types of herbs and their action

MINT- contributes to the improvement of mental activity. There is a legend that mint is named after the goddess Menta, who personifies intelligence, memory and common sense. It was believed that students during the period of passing exams or those who study philosophy - a difficult science, should wear mint wreaths. Mint contains substances that have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, namely phytoncides.

LAVENDER- has high antibacterial properties, and in addition, lavender has a pleasant aroma. It will help you get rid of a severe headache, high blood pressure or relieve pain from intracranial pressure.

MELISSA- has a mild hypnotic effect, is used for violations of the heart rhythm (relieves cardiac arrhythmia), and also relieves nervous trembling, which some people experience at night. Melissa also lowers blood pressure, slows down breathing.

St. John's wort- used for insomnia and neurasthenia.

THYME- has always been considered an excellent antiseptic. Thyme is also anti-inflammatory, analgesic, expectorant, bronchodilator, antispasmodic, etc. It is also used as a mild sleeping pill. Thyme is used for bronchitis and excruciating cough.

ORANGE- has a sedative effect. And also with angina kills the microbial flora.

Krupenichka Doll and Rich Man

Slavic amulet dolls Krupenichka and rich man bring abundance to the family. The Krupenichka chrysalis is also called Grain, Grain or Pea. Krupenichka looks simple, but it has a great symbolic meaning, so it has the status of "the main doll in the house."

Among the ancient Slavs, the main type of food was porridge, which, as they believed, gave "powerful vitality", so the process of growing grain was given great importance. So, when sowing grain, the first grains were taken from the bag of this chrysalis, since they had the meaning of “the saved forces of the Nurse of the Earth”.

The Slavs believed that since the earth gives (gives birth) a crop, then the image that this crop gives is female. So Krupenichka is more important, and the Rich Man is at her aid.

Initially, linen or sacking was used in the manufacture of Krupenichka, and buckwheat grain was poured inside. And it was very much appreciated, because it was rare and the attitude towards it was special. Then, by the end of the 19th century, they began to fill Krupenichka with millet, wheat and peas. Hence the names Zernovushka and Pea appeared.

After the new harvest ripened, the chrysalis was again filled with fresh grain, dressed up and placed in the Red Corner or in the kitchen, but always in a prominent place. Krupenichek was always given into the hands of guests or given to children to play, because they believed that the more people hold it, the more energy the grain inside the chrysalis will be saturated and then the next year will be prosperous for the family, they will be lucky and will not suffer hunger. Also, charmed coins could be invested in dolls.

Channel DelkiRu shows how to make a rag doll Krupenichka (Zernovushka) based on Slavic folk dolls:

Yuliana Bryl makes a charm Man-Rich Man:

Russian Baba Yaga

Baba Yaga always associated with evil and deceit, an evil witch who lives in the deep forest. But it's not! Baba Yaga is a good helper and sensible adviser. She will always tell you where to find living water or the Firebird, how to protect yourself from enemies or find loyal friends.

Baba Yaga can be a very good talisman and keeper of the hearth. It is hung on windows or doors as a talisman at home. As they say, she “lets her own people in, but sweeps out strangers,” so they do it with a broom or a broom.

In Russia, the rowan tree was treated with great reverence, just like the Mother! They never broke a mountain ash just like that, because they knew what strong protective qualities it had.

Therefore, the existence in Russia of such a doll-amulet as Pock. She symbolizes motherhood, female wisdom, home, is a talisman of family happiness, keeping true love from misfortune.

Name days were celebrated at the Ryabinka doll 4 times a year, and it was made only when the fruits ripened - in the fall, on the fourth name day. A person, not knowing the true strength of the mountain ash, a flexible and small tree, sees in its branch the symbol of the Perun Mace (the mountain ash is the berry of the thunder god Perun.).

The amulet doll will have magical properties if it is made on a crosspiece of rowan twigs.

She will be able to relieve depression or damage from the evil eye, protect from the energy of the dead world. To do this, you need to hang a mountain ash in front of or near the front door - it, like a warrior, will protect and will not let negativity into the house.

Channel DelkiRu shares a master class on creating a rag doll of Ryabinka:

benefactor fills the house with joy, brings prosperity and prosperity to it, blocks the penetration of evil forces. If you want to give this amulet, then give with the wishes of well-being.

The chrysalis must be made in one day; the process cannot be transferred to the next.

And inside the doll you need to put a coin with the number 5, because it is 5 that is the number of well-being in numerology.

A five-ruble coin put inside the doll (author - Anastasia Bobrovnikova)

The chrysalis can be put in a conspicuous place, or you can hide it. To determine where to put the doll, you need to trust her choice.

Pick up a doll and stand in the middle of the room, relax and listen to yourself. Wherever your thought takes you, go there.

Even from a distant or hidden place, the Well-Being One will always be on guard, will protect the owners of the house and take care of them, because she is sitting on a Happiness-bag.

Master class on creating a doll of the Beneficent:

Plantain- This is a ritual doll. She was given on the road so that the traveler would be accompanied by good luck. Most often it was made by a mother for her son or a wife for her husband.

Only the one who made it and the one to whom it was made can pick up Plantain.

The image of Plantain consists of a clean (white) face, like all coastline dolls, so that evil spirits cannot move through the face, as well as a bag of grain, so that the traveler always has the opportunity to find food on the road. In the bag they could put the earth taken from the native threshold, or the ashes from the stove at home. It was believed that then a person could always find his way home.

The plantain pupa is made small, about 5-7 cm in height, so that it is convenient to put it in your pocket, backpack or bag, and maybe even in a small clutch or reticule.

amulet successful embodies a person who is successful in any work - in the home or in the monetary sphere, can perform any work efficiently and on time. This nodular doll (motanka) is made to help in any undertaking, in promoting career growth, prosperity, luck in personal life. This is a stately, beautifully dressed, neat doll, which confidently rests on its feet. A cloth bag hangs on her shoulder - she serves as a symbol of the deeds that she can do.

In order for the work performed to bring a stable income, put a coin or banknote in the bag of the Successful!

Every time the case is successful or you receive a cash reward, be sure to thank the Successful Woman, share some money with her or give her a piece of jewelry made of ribbons or beads.

Charm doll Thread of Fate will help get rid of sadness, melancholy and despondency. It will also bring prosperity, prosperity and good luck, help in any endeavors, in work and in the implementation of the plan.

If you think about how you live, what components are the basis of your life, decide to look from the inside or from the side at your behavior, your manners and comprehend all this, then the Thread of Fate doll will help. It will help you cut off everything superfluous, unnecessary and leave only the sincere and pure.

See what else it might look like:

Kolyada- solar symbol. This portly woman, who is dressed in everything smart and new, she maintains good relations in the family. The Slavs believed that when Kolyada comes to the house, happiness, harmony and peace come with her.

Kolyada is an ancient Slavic holiday of the Winter Solstice, also called the holiday of the Birth of the Sun. It began 3 days after the winter solstice and lasted until the end of winter Christmas time.

On the eve of the holiday, a ritual doll Kolyada was made as a symbol of well-being, the fulfillment of the desired, happiness, and, moreover, a talisman against evil forces. It was believed that "God Kolyada comes into the world with light and goodness, having defeated evil and darkness." The fate of Kolyada could be different - it was either left for one year as a talisman, or burned on the last day of Christmas.

They made carols only from new fabric and on a birch log. Birch is a tree symbolizing light, femininity and purity, protecting from the evil eye and treating melancholy. Kolyada has 2 bags in his hands - the first with grain, the other with salt. These are symbols of goodness, prosperity and fertility.

Shestiruchka considered the patroness of women's crafts. She is an indispensable assistant for those who are engaged in needlework. Shestiruchka will save your hands from fatigue, help you properly distribute work so that you have enough time and energy for all things. Sometimes Shestiruchka is also called Filippovka. She has a bundle with grains and coins hanging on her belt so that everything she does with her own hands brings profit.

Kupalo helps to find true and bright love, restores vitality, removes sadness and longing, treats depression and strengthens the bonds of marriage.

The ancient holiday - the day of Kupala - is full of mysticism, will take.
And the ignorant, it used to be, will find the answer for himself.
On a clean holiday - Kupala Day, let trouble burn with fire,
And water, like a veil, will hide grief forever.

Bell considered a doll of good news. She comes from Valdai. From her came the Valdai Bells.

From ancient times, the ringing of a bell protected from various terrible and deadly diseases. And also bells were always hung on an arc on festive triplets. Bells have a domed shape and resemble the sun from above.

The doll has 3 skirts. They indicate that any person has 3 kingdoms - copper, silver and gold.

Happiness also consists of 3 parts - the body is good, which means the soul is calm, and if the soul is calm, then the spirit is calm, which means the person is happy.

The bell is a cheerful, mischievous doll, with its enthusiasm brings joy to the house. She is a charm of good mood. Give a bell to the one to whom you wish joy, good mood and only good news.

tenhandle- a great helper in household chores. Women or girls made a ten-handle to add strength in housekeeping. The chrysalis was often given as a wedding gift to brides, and if the woman was already married, then she was given for the Filippovka holiday, which was celebrated on November 27th. At the same time, they wished the hostesses to be in time everywhere and in everything without unnecessary expenditure of effort, figuratively speaking, having 10 hands.

The Ten-handed doll was made for the holiday of the Intercession, by October 14th. They made it from bast bast, red threads, multi-colored ribbons and flax in strands. At the bottom, on the hem of the sundress, 9 bows of red threads were necessarily tied. A ten-handle could be made from straw or bast, and then they called it a splinter.

When women made a doll, they really hoped for her help, so they put their soul, their intentions, secrets and energy into it. Consequently, the process acquired special significance.

Until the doll is completely ready, do not let go of it, do not break away from the manufacturing process, and it is not even recommended to have conversations with anyone at this time! And when the Ten Hand is ready, read a prayer over it and leave it under the icon for the night.

This doll helped not only at home, but also in the field. She was even taken to church to cleanse all the negativity accumulated in her. At home, Ten Hands was planted where the hostess was most often. She was never given into the hands of strangers and children were never allowed to play with her.

Pupae-Children

Swaddles These are protective dolls for the little ones. They were always placed in the cradle of a baby, so that the doll protected from diseases and the evil eye. And they also helped women during childbirth.

The swaddle, like all dolls-amulets, has no face. The Slavs believed that if the doll has its own face, then it can only take care of itself, and when the doll is faceless, it protects everyone living in the house, the house itself or the specific person for whom the doll was made.

The diaper is a doll wrapped in a diaper with a handkerchief and with a swaddling belt. Since ancient times, all children were swaddled with a swaddling cloth, this had both practical and protective significance.

Women made Swaddles in the last weeks of pregnancy, with positive thoughts about their future child, and immediately put her in the cradle so that the chrysalis lived in and warmed her.

The size of the swaddle is such that it can easily fit in the child's hand. To create a chrysalis, they used a piece of already worn clothes from a fabric made at home and keeping the warmth of an adult, and such fabric could also provide birth protection. In the manufacture, neither scissors nor needles were used, so as not to injure the doll.

There is a belief that before the baptism, the newborn must be protected from evil spirits, and the Swaddle must take on all the bad things that can harm the baby.

Putting the Pelenashka in the cradle, you need to say:
"Drowsy is insomnia, don't play with my baby, play with this doll."

And when relatives and friends came to look at the child, the doll was placed in the folds of a handkerchief.

Leaving, the guests said to Pelenashka: “Oh, how good the doll is!”

After the child was baptized, the Pelenashka was removed from the cradle and kept together with the baptismal garment.

Pupae Lovebirds

Lovebirds- a ritual wedding doll-amulet, which has a great symbolic meaning. It is named so because the chrysalis is made as a whole. Both parts, man and woman, are inseparable, they have one common hand, as a symbol of family union and a common destiny. A doll is usually given as a wedding present to newlyweds or already married couples, so that the family is stronger.

A special feature of the Lovebirds is the common arm based on a long wooden torch. It was made by bridesmaids as a symbol of masculine and feminine principles.

Lovebirds are a talisman of a strong family and a symbol of life together, they, as they say, go "hand in hand." In the same way, a wife and husband should always be one in every situation, in trouble and in joy.

To this day, there is a tradition to give Lovebirds for a wedding. They make Lovebirds with their own hands and give from the bottom of their hearts to the nascent family with wishes to always be inseparable.

According to an ancient Russian tradition, Lovebirds were hung under the arc of a harness of horses carrying the newlyweds to the groom's house from the church after the wedding. Our ancestors tirelessly believed that the fate of any person can be influenced by making him a similar figure, both in a negative and in a positive sense. Therefore, the "wedding train" certainly received special attention. Outside the walls of their home, the newlyweds were considered especially vulnerable to all sorts of negative manifestations, such as envious glances or the tricks of evil sorcerers. The wedding train was steered in such complicated ways, lined up with barriers to deceive all those evil spirits and cover their tracks.

The wood for the manufacture of the torch was carefully selected, not every tree is suitable for such a job. For example, they never took branches of alder or linden, because, as the Slavs believed, they were related to evil spirits. First, the female part is done, then the male part. Then they are attached to this torch, thereby securing their own position on the family tree. Be sure the dolls should have something in common in clothes - the same pattern on the belts or color.

Lovebirds were not just kept in the Red Corner after the wedding, but also with the advent of children, Martinchik pupae were added to them. Martinchiki were tied from bundles of white thread. Lovebirds were moved apart in different directions and children were planted on a torch between them. There were as many as there were children in the family.

Doll Spiridon-solstice

Spiridon-solstice- a ritual doll, which was made to achieve the desired changes in life. It was believed that Spiridon-Solstice, turning the wheel that he holds in his hands, turns life in the desired direction.

Spiridon-Solstice is associated with the ancient Slavic god Svarog. It was believed that he created people and crafts, and is also the patron saint of family ties.

The wheel in his hands depicts the Sun and has eight spokes. Thanks to the sun, which gives light and heat, all living things exist and function. The Sun also gives everyone responsibility and punctuality, because it gives light to everyone equally and it always rises on time, and where there is responsibility, there will always be prosperity.

For a man, Spiridon is a good assistant in business, business and household. It is also given to motorists as a talisman. Spiridon-Solstice helps to hold the steering wheel tighter.

Spiridon helps a woman to seize the helm of life with her own hands, choose her life path, be “at the right time in the right place”, and also achieve success in creativity and business.