Cash and non-cash payment methods. Nuances of non-cash and cash payments

More and more businesses and individuals are choosing a virtual form of payment. The fact is that it is not a low-cost option and is produced much faster, regardless of time and days of the week. Payment by bank transfer is very convenient and practically not limited by regulatory documents. Therefore, it is gradually replacing conventional cash payments. More detailed information is provided below.

What is non-cash?

A form of non-cash payment is the movement of funds through the accounts of clients of banking or credit organizations in electronic form. Any payment for goods by bank transfer is carried out only through specialized organizations that have licenses to perform banking operations.

Bank transfer is available to absolutely all persons, regardless of the form of their activity. As a rule, at the end of the working day, account holders are provided with a statement of their cash flow activity for the day, which allows them to control all transactions. But if necessary, such a statement can be requested from a credit institution at any time.

Regulation of non-cash payments

Payment by bank transfer is subject to only three regulatory documents that fully control their implementation. The main one is the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, Chapter 46 of which describes all the basic requirements for permitted non-cash forms of money circulation.

regulations on the issue of payment cards;
Regulations on the rules for making money transfers.

The first document was approved by the Central Bank on December 24, 2004 and reveals the procedure for the legal implementation of acquiring. This concept defines the non-cash payment for services or goods that is familiar to many ordinary citizens.

The second document was approved only on June 19, 2012 by the Bank of Russia and contains all the necessary detailed descriptions of possible forms of non-cash payments and requirements for them. Everything contained in the provision fully complies with the norms of the Civil Code.

Any payment by bank transfer must be carried out in strict compliance with all of the listed regulatory documents, but such control is not an obstacle to the growing popularity of non-cash money circulation among the entire population.

Advantages of non-cash payments

First of all, payment by bank transfer requires minimal documents in comparison with regular cash payments between organizations. Many companies choose this form of payment because it makes it possible to avoid large fines due to errors in registering cash discipline and using cash registers.

Large organizations are also increasingly invoicing their clients by bank transfer, instead of taking cash from them. This allows companies to save significantly, since servicing such operations is much cheaper.

The obvious benefit of such calculations for ordinary citizens is the convenience of transactions. The fact is that you can carry them out simply by having a payment bank card and the ability to access the Internet, and commissions for money transfers between accounts are not always charged or amount to minimal losses.

Such virtual settlements also have benefits for the state, because it allows you to constantly monitor all cash flows in real time. In addition, a decrease in the turnover of the living money supply reduces the possibility of inflation in the country.

In general, the advantages of non-cash payments are clearly visible to everyone, and most importantly, they can be carried out at any time of the day, on any day of the week and completely regardless of the geography of the transfer.

Types of bank transfer payments for individuals

It may seem to ordinary citizens that non-cash payments are only transfers between accounts, but in fact there are 6 types of them. Most are available only to legal entities and organizations and are controlled by the same regulatory documents.

The most common form of payment available to civilians is in the form of an electronic transfer. It represents the transfer of funds from the payer’s personal bank account to the recipient’s account through a banking operator. The recipient can be an individual or an organization, the main thing is that such a right is described in the agreement between the account holder and the bank. The payer can only be a private person.

Another form of payment, which, like the previous one, is regulated by the law “On the National Payment System” is direct debit. It represents the debiting of funds from the owner’s account at the request of the recipient, but only if this is permitted by the agreement between the account owner and the credit institution. Most often, such payments are mandatory fees for servicing a bank card or account.

Most common form

Individual entrepreneurs pay by bank transfer most often by means of a payment order. Even individuals who do not have a current account with a credit institution can use this form. Payment involves the preparation and transfer to the bank of a certain document - an order, detailing the amount, recipient and time frame within which the transfer must be made. All this is carried out at the expense of the payer.

The validity period of the order is officially 10 days, not taking into account the moment of submission of the document, but in practice everything happens much faster. Only incorrect execution of the order can slow down the receipt of funds.

The most secure form

The most secure form of non-cash payment is payment through a letter of credit. It represents an inconvenience for the payer, since it requires a separate opening of a letter of credit, even if this bank already has a current account, but all this is for the sake of security.

The payer must transfer a certain amount for goods or services to an open account and oblige the bank to pay them to the recipient only if certain conditions are met. That is, until the recipient gives the credit institution confirmation that he has fully fulfilled his obligations under the transaction, he will not receive the money. In this case, the bank acts as an uninterested third party and guarantees the legality of the transaction.

Cash-non-cash payment

Conventionally, cash/non-cash payment determines settlements through checkbooks, since after debiting funds from the drawer’s account, it may imply issuing them in cash or transferring them to a bank account. This form of payment is more common in Europe and the USA and is carried out only after confirming the identity of the bearer of the check and receiving information about the presence of an amount sufficient for the transfer in the drawer’s account, and, of course, after confirming the authenticity of the check.

Another form of non-cash payment is a transfer through collection or collection order. It is carried out only when the recipient of the funds provides the bank with confirmation of the account owner’s monetary obligations to it. In essence, this is debt collection and it occurs even without timely notification to the account owner. As a rule, the debtor learns about the withdrawal after the transfer has been made.

What is non-cash based on?

First of all, all non-cash payments must be carried out in accordance with laws and regulations. In addition to the general rules, each credit institution is obliged to act only within the framework of a valid agreement between the bank and the account owner. Going beyond the scope of the document is allowed only when signing a new agreement. In addition, the bank does not have the right to influence the choice of payment form for the participants in the transaction.

Any invoice issued for payment by bank transfer, a sample of which can be obtained directly from a credit institution, must be supported by a sufficient amount of funds in the payer’s account. In addition, money transfer operations must be carried out within a specified period, otherwise sanctions or fines may be imposed on the culprit. And, of course, every account owner has the right of acceptance, which means that even the state is prohibited from debiting money from the account without prior notification.

Types of accounts

Any non-cash payment is permissible only if you have a bank account with the required amount on it. The only exception is payment by means of a payment order, which is permitted by law and can be carried out even in the absence of a bank account, but only by individuals. To conduct business, you must have a bank account.

There are several varieties of them:

Funds control

For individuals, keeping track of the movement of funds in an account allows them to keep bank statements, but for organizations it is more and more difficult. They use books of income and expenses, in which they record data on payment orders, collection transactions, memorial orders, and so on. Analytics of special accounts is carried out using statements of letters of credit, deposits, check transactions and other forms of payments.

The bank should tell you in detail how to issue an invoice for non-cash payment to the account holder, as well as inform you about possible fines. They are imposed both on the credit institutions themselves and on paying agents if they fail to fulfill their obligations on time.

Cashless payments- these are settlements (payments) carried out without the use of cash, through the transfer of funds to accounts in credit institutions and offsets of mutual claims. Non-cash payments are of great economic importance in accelerating the turnover of funds, reducing the cash required for circulation, and reducing distribution costs; organizing cash payments using non-cash money is much preferable to cash payments. The widespread use of non-cash payments is facilitated by an extensive network of banks, as well as the state’s interest in their development, both for the above reason and for the purpose of studying and regulating macroeconomic processes.

In the Russian Federation, the Central Bank has established the following types of non-cash payments:

Settlements by payment orders

Settlements under letters of credit

Payments by checks

Payments for collection

Calculations by payment requests

Payment order- this is an order of the account owner (payer) to the bank servicing him, documented by a payment document, to transfer a certain amount of money to the recipient’s account opened in this or another bank. Payment orders can be in paper or electronic form.

Typically, a payment order is drawn up in four copies: the 1st copy is intended for the payer, the 2nd - for the payer's bank, the 3rd and 4th are transferred to the recipient's bank. Payment orders are accepted by the bank regardless of the availability of funds in the payer's account, but are executed only if there are sufficient funds on it.

Payment orders can be used to transfer funds:

for goods supplied, work performed, services rendered, for advance payment of goods, work, services, or for making periodic payments;

to budgets of all levels and to extra-budgetary funds;

for the purpose of returning/placing credits (loans)/deposits and paying interest on them;

for other purposes provided for by law or agreement.

After the bank employee checks the correctness of filling out and processing payment orders on all copies (except the last one) accepted for execution of payment orders, in the “Receipt of payments to the bank” field, the responsible executive of the bank enters the date of receipt of the payment order by the bank.

The last copy of the payment order, in which the bank’s stamp, the date of receipt of the payment order and the signature of the responsible executor are affixed in the “Bank Marks” field. The bank that has accepted the payer's payment order is obliged to transfer the specified amount of money to the recipient's bank for crediting it to the account of the person specified in the order. If necessary, the bank has the right to attract other banks to perform operations to transfer funds to the account specified in the client’s order. The bank is obliged, at the request of the payer, to inform him about the execution of the order.

Letter of Credit- this is a conditional monetary obligation accepted by the bank on behalf of the applicant (payer under the letter of credit), to make a payment in favor of the recipient of funds under the letter of credit, the amount specified in the letter of credit upon submission of documents by the latter to the bank in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit within the terms specified in the text of the letter of credit, or to pay , accept or honor a bill of exchange, or authorize another bank (executing bank) to make such payments or pay, accept or honor a bill of exchange).

A security containing an unconditional order from the drawer to the bank to pay the amount specified in it to the check holder. The drawer is a person who has funds in the bank, which he has the right to dispose of by issuing checks, the check holder is the person in whose favor the check was issued, the payer is the bank in which the drawer's funds are located.

The drawer does not have the right to revoke a check before the expiration of the established period for presenting it for payment.

There are cash checks and settlement checks. Cash checks are used to pay the holder of the check cash in the bank, for example, for wages, household needs, travel expenses, etc.

Payment checks- these are checks used for non-cash payments, this is a document of the established form containing an unconditional written order from the drawer to his bank to transfer a certain amount of money from his account to the account of the recipient of the funds. Check acceptance- this is a mark indicating the consent of the payer’s bank to transfer the amount specified in the check to the recipient’s account.

Collection- an intermediary banking operation for the transfer of funds from the payer to the recipient through a bank with the transfer of these funds to the recipient’s account. Banks charge commissions for performing collections.

Collection- a banking settlement operation through which the bank, on behalf of its client, receives, on the basis of settlement documents, funds due to the client from the payer for goods and materials shipped to the payer and services provided and credits these funds to the client’s bank account.

Collection can be clean and documentary.

Clean collection is the collection of financial documents (bills of exchange, promissory notes, checks and other similar documents used to receive payments) when they are not accompanied by commercial documents.

Documentary collection- this is the collection of financial documents accompanied by commercial documents (invoices, transport and insurance documents, etc.), as well as the collection of only commercial documents. Documentary collection in international trade is the obligation of the bank to receive, on behalf of the exporter, from the importer the amount of payment under the contract against the transfer of commodity documents to the latter and transfer it to the exporter.

Disadvantages of the collection form of payment: 1) The time gap between the shipment of goods, the transfer of documents to the bank and the receipt of payment, which can be quite long, which slows down the turnover of the exporter’s funds; 2) Lack of reliability in payment for documents (may refuse to pay for trade documents or become insolvent by the time they arrive at the importer’s bank). These disadvantages are overcome by using telegraphic collection, which reduces the unwanted time gap, as well as by using collection with a pre-issued bank guarantee, which makes it possible to create payment security close to that which arises under irrevocable letters of credit.

Payment request(colloquially “payment”) is a payment document containing a demand from the creditor (supplier) to the debtor (payer) to pay a certain amount of money through the bank.

To settle a payment request, the payer's acceptance is required. However, in certain cases (if this is stipulated in the agreement between the payer and the recipient or if such a case is stipulated in the law), it is possible to make payments without acceptance.

Acceptance- the response of the person to whom the offer is addressed about its acceptance. Acceptance - consent to payment. According to Russian law, acceptance must be complete and unconditional (acceptance of an offer on different terms is recognized as a new offer).

Cashless payment is one of the most convenient payment options; This is their high speed and the almost complete absence of regulatory restrictions in making payments.

Therefore, many companies choose non-cash payments for their purposes, minimizing cash handling.

Moreover, payments through credit organizations are a cheaper option compared to payments through banknotes and coins.

What is non-cash payment?

First of all, this payment format is available to everyone - legal entities, entrepreneurs and ordinary citizens. Non-cash payments are made only through banking and other credit structures that are authorized to carry out banking operations.

In general, non-cash payments are settlements that are realized through the movement of funds through accounts belonging to participants in such settlements.

In fact, funds are debited and credited electronically. At the end of the working day, the account owner is provided with an account statement, which reflects the balance at the beginning and end of the day, as well as all incoming and outgoing transactions. This allows you to control cash flows.

Non-cash payments are regulated in the Russian Federation two main regulations:

The Civil Code of the Russian Federation - its Chapter 46 “Calculations” sets out the basic provisions on all permitted forms of non-cash circulation;
Regulations on the rules for transferring funds No. 383-P, which was approved on June 19, 2012. Bank of Russia. This document provides a more detailed description of non-cash forms of payment, as well as requirements for payment documents. This Regulation does not contradict the norms of civil law.

In addition, there is another regulatory act that was approved by the Bank of Russia - the Regulation on the issuance of payment cards dated December 24, 2004. No. 266-P. This document reveals the procedure for acquiring – payments using payment cards for goods and services. Acquiring is a unique form of non-cash payments, which is available primarily to ordinary citizens.

On the basis of these three documents, non-cash circulation is organized and controlled, which is increasingly replacing cash circulation. And there are reasons for this:

settlements through bank accounts rarely depend on the time of the transaction (i.e., time of day) and geography;
non-cash payments are much cheaper to service than cash payments;
in addition, for organizations it is more preferable to make payments through, since such payments have much fewer requirements for registration, organization and accounting than for cash transactions. Therefore, many start-up companies, in order to save money and protect themselves from fines for errors in compliance and in application or non-use, are switching to non-cash payments. Large, experienced companies are also striving for this.

As for ordinary citizens, for them, non-cash payments are convenient, since it is enough to have a payment card to make a payment, and beneficial, because when paying with a card, fees for settlement services are often not charged.

But the state also benefits from the growth of non-cash payments; in particular, the circulation of the money supply is controlled, and a decrease in the amount of cash in circulation reduces the level of inflation.

Kinds. Their advantages and disadvantages

In legal nature there is several forms, in which non-cash payments are carried out.

Molds and tools

In accordance with Bank of the Russian Federation Regulation No. 383-P, these forms include:

Settlements using a payment order. In this case, a document is drawn up that contains an instruction to the bank, at the expense of the payer’s funds, to transfer the amount specified in the payment document. The transfer is carried out within the time frame and to the person specified in the order. This translation option is considered one of the simplest and most traditional. Valid for 10 days, which does not include the day the document was drawn up. This payment format is available even to an ordinary citizen who does not have a current account. The inconvenience of settlements through payment orders is that if an error is made in the document during execution, it can cause a significant delay in payment or its sending to the wrong recipient of funds;
Payments via letter of credit. In fact, this is a special account that is used only for settlements on transactions that require the intermediation of the bank. In other words, a letter of credit is an order from the payer to the bank to transfer funds to the recipient only if the latter complies with special conditions, for example, delivery of goods, provision of documents and other conditions. The effect of a letter of credit can be described in simple terms as follows: the buyer opens a letter of credit in his bank and transfers there the cost of his purchase, but the supplier will be able to receive these funds subject to the delivery of the goods and the transfer of accompanying documents to the bank where the letter of credit was opened. And then the bank transfers funds. The convenience of this form of payment lies in the security of the transaction. But the disadvantage of a letter of credit is its high cost, its isolation from the bank account agreement (the letter of credit is opened separately), the participation of several parties in the transfer of funds: the buyer and the supplier, the issuing bank (it opens the letter of credit) and the executing bank (it executes the letter of credit) . By the way, often one bank can be both the executor and the issuer;
Settlements through collection orders or collection. Their specificity is that such calculations are possible only if the claimant (recipient) has the rights to make claims against the debtor’s (payer) account. These rights may be provided for by law or by an agreement concluded between the account holder (debtor) and the bank. Collection is inherently demanding in nature. Those. In order to collect the required amount, the recipient of the funds must provide the bank holding the payer's account with the necessary information about the debtor and his obligation. Also, the collection order is not inherently of a notification nature. The debtor often finds out about the write-off only after the money has been withdrawn from him. And this can make it difficult for the debtor to carry out other banking operations due to a lack of funds in the account;
Payments through checkbooks. This option can be conditionally called cash-non-cash, since it involves debiting funds from the drawer’s account to the check holder’s account or issuing cash to him. Moreover, settlement of checks is carried out only on the condition that the drawer has a sufficient amount of money in his account and after confirming the identity of the bearer of the check and the authenticity of the check itself;
Payments in the form of direct debit. In this case, the transfer of money is made at the request of the recipient. To perform this transfer, the operator who will perform the settlement operation must have an agreement with the payer and his acceptance (consent) to carry out such an operation. Such calculations are carried out within the framework of the national payment system of Russia and in the presence of a payment card. The cardholder's acceptance to debit funds from it must be enshrined in an agreement or other document that supplements the agreement;
Payments in the form of electronic money transfer. As part of this type of non-cash payments, an individual (citizen) provides the operator with funds for conducting transactions, both from his personal bank account or without it, and from the accounts of organizations and entrepreneurs that provide funds in favor of this citizen. But this is only possible if the agreement between the individual and the operator provides for such a right. As for entrepreneurs and organizations, they can only use funds from their bank accounts.
The last two types of non-cash payments are regulated by the law “On the National Payment System” dated June 27, 2011. No. 161-FZ.

The advantages of non-cash payments are described in the following video:

If you have not yet registered an organization, then easiest way This can be done using online services that will help you generate all the necessary documents for free: If you already have an organization and you are thinking about how to simplify and automate accounting and reporting, then the following online services will come to the rescue and will completely replace an accountant at your enterprise and will save a lot of money and time. All reporting is generated automatically, signed electronically and sent automatically online. It is ideal for individual entrepreneurs or LLCs on the simplified tax system, UTII, PSN, TS, OSNO.
Everything happens in a few clicks, without queues and stress. Try it and you will be surprised how easy it has become!

Principles of non-cash payments

Cashless payment system based on the following principles:

Based on these principles, not only the construction of a non-cash payment system is carried out, but also their implementation.

Order of conduct

Any non-cash payments are carried out only if you have an account opened under a bank account agreement. However, the current legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the possibility of conducting non-cash transactions without the payer opening a current account. But this is only possible when making payments by ordinary citizens whose transfers of funds are not related to business activities.

To conduct non-cash payments, an account can be opened either in a bank or in another credit institution that has a license from the Bank of Russia to carry out such operations.

To make non-cash transfers payers can open:

All these accounts can be opened in rubles and in the currencies of foreign countries.

Accounting Rules

To record non-cash transactions, organizations use account 51 “Current accounts”, where analytics are built for each current account opened by the organization. All transactions are reflected on the basis, for example, on the basis of payment orders, collection orders, etc. And to reflect transactions on special accounts, organizations use account 55 “Special bank accounts” with analytics on letters of credit, deposits, check books, and other similar forms of non-cash payments.

Entrepreneurs do not use it, but they record income and expense transactions on a bank account in their books of income and expenses. And based on the register data, the calculation is carried out. They also use payment orders or collection orders, memorial orders, etc. as confirmation of non-cash transactions.

As for ordinary citizens, they can receive statements from their accounts to control their funds.

Responsibility for violation of settlement relations

Punishment for such violations is provided for in Chapter 15 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. Moreover, both account holders and credit institutions are punished.

For example:

In case of violation of work with a special account, payment agents may be charged from 40 to 50 thousand rubles;
if the bank violated the deadline for transferring funds to the budget from the taxpayer’s account, then up to 5 thousand rubles will be collected from the bank official.

The history of occurrence and basic principles of these types of calculations are described in the following video lecture:

The concept and meaning of settlement legal relations

Settlements are carried out either directly between the parties to the compensated property relationship, or with the participation of an additional entity - a credit institution. Settlement relations are regulated by the norms of various branches of law, primarily by the norms of financial and civil law, which together form a complex institution of law. The most important regulations governing this area of public relations are the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 861-885), federal laws “On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)”, “On banks and banking activities”, various regulations of the President and Government of the Russian Federation and regulations of the Bank of Russia.

Cashless circulation

To carry out non-cash payments, client accounts are opened and an agreement is concluded between the bank and the client.

To conduct interbank non-cash payments, banks open correspondent accounts with other banks. In addition, for carrying out interbank settlements and other operations, each bank has a correspondent account with the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Bank clients have the right to open the following types of bank accounts in any bank without restrictions:

checking account. It opens with commercial and, which operate on the principle of self-sufficiency. In case of opening several current accounts, one of them will be allocated, which will be called “current account for the main activity”;
current accounts. Opened by legal entities, enterprises, organizations, institutions whose activities are financed from the budget. These are non-profit organizations (schools, institutes, etc.);
for organizations and legal entities who are systematically tax debtors, a tax defaulter account is opened in addition to the existing accounts. In this case, transactions on the current account and current accounts are stopped, and all receipts are reflected in the account of the tax evader. Tax debts are paid from this account.

Cash debits from accounts are carried out:

by order of the owner;
without the order of the account owner, but only in those cases provided for by law, i.e. in an indisputable manner;
between the payer and the recipient;
between the bank and the payer.

The procedure for debiting funds from an account involves the use of settlement agreements. The forms of settlement agreements are established by regulations approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Payment from the account is made within the balance of funds on it. But if the bank and the client enter into a loan agreement, then the bank undertakes to pay, within certain limits, the client’s payment documents in the absence of a balance in the account, i.e., a loan.

Settlement documents

Banks carry out transactions on accounts based on settlement documents.

A settlement document is a document drawn up on paper or, in certain cases, an electronic payment document:

order of the payer (client or bank) to write off funds from his account and transfer them to the account of the recipient of funds;
order of the recipient of funds (collector) to write off funds from the payer's account and transfer them to the account specified by the recipient of funds (collector).

The following payment documents are used in the Russian Federation:

checks;

Settlement documents on paper are drawn up on document forms included in the All-Russian Classifier of Management Documentation OK 011-93 (class “Unified System of Banking Documentation”).

Payment documents used in current payment forms are accepted by the bank for execution only if they comply with standardized requirements and, therefore, must contain the following data:

name of the settlement document;
number of the payment document, day, month, year of its issue;
name of the payer, his bank account number, name and number of the payer's bank;
the name of the recipient of the funds, the number of his bank account, the name and number of the bank of the recipient of the funds; purpose of payment (not indicated on the receipt); payment amount (in numbers and words).

To make payments, settlement documents are printed in several copies based on the needs of the settlement participants. The first copy of the payment document must be signed by officials who have the right to manage the bank account and have a seal. Funds are debited from the payer's account only on the basis of the first copy of the payment document. The second copy is a copy.

Settlement documents are accepted by the bank for execution during the bank's operating day.

The validity period of settlement documents is limited and is 10 days, not counting the day of its signing.

It is allowed that a bank client can revoke his payment documents.

The deadlines for payments through banks have been established:

5 days between subjects of the Russian Federation;
2 days within one subject.

Civil Code of the Russian Federation in Art. 862 establishes the most common forms of non-cash payments. Non-cash payments between business entities can be made in the following forms: payment orders, letters of credit, checks, collection payments, bills of exchange.

Forms of non-cash payments

Forms of non-cash payments are established. Bank clients independently choose the payment forms used, which is reflected in the agreement with the bank.

In modern conditions, based on the current regulation of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation dated October 3, 2002 No. 2-P “On non-cash payments in the Russian Federation” (as amended on March 2, 2008), the following forms of non-cash payments are in force in Russia:

settlements by payment orders;
settlements under a letter of credit;
payments by checks;
collection settlements.

Forms of non-cash payments are used by clients of credit institutions (branches), institutions and divisions of the Bank of Russia settlement network, as well as by the banks themselves.

Forms of non-cash payments are chosen by bank clients independently and are provided for in agreements concluded by them with their counterparties.

Within the framework of non-cash payment forms, payers and recipients of funds (collectors), as well as banks and correspondent banks servicing them, are considered as participants in settlements.

Responsibility of banks and their clients for violation of settlement discipline

And they carry liability for violation of the rules for performing settlement transactions in accordance with current legislation. Property liability between the bank and its client is determined by regulations and agreements between the bank and its client. Regulatory banks include legislative acts, as well as rules issued. Penalties can only be applied if there is a contractual relationship between the bank that committed the violation and the client company. In accordance with clause 30 of the Law on Banks and Banking Activities, relations between the Bank of Russia and their clients are carried out on the basis of contracts, unless otherwise provided by federal law.

The agreement must indicate interest rates on loans and deposits, the cost of banking services and the timing of their implementation, including the processing time of payment documents, the property liability of the parties for violations of the agreement, including liability for violation of obligations regarding the timing of payments, as well as the procedure for its termination and other essential terms of the agreement.

The procedure for opening, maintaining and closing client accounts in rubles and foreign currency by the bank is established by the Bank of Russia in accordance with federal laws.

Members of the credit organization do not have any advantages when considering the issue of obtaining a loan or providing them with other banking services, unless otherwise provided by federal law.

The enterprise bears direct responsibility for non-compliance with loan agreements and settlement discipline. An enterprise that systematically fails to fulfill its payment obligations may be declared insolvent. This is reported to the main suppliers of inventory items and to a higher authority.

Cashless payments- these are settlements (payments) made without the use of cash, that is, by transferring a certain amount from one account of a credit institution to another, which are accompanied by the offset of mutual claims. Banks are intermediaries in such operations, that is, such payments are transferred to their accounts.

This form of payment speeds up the turnover of funds and reduces the amount of cash that is needed for circulation. This form of payment is the most preferable for doing business today.

According to the current legislation, settlements between legal entities, as well as settlements with the participation of citizens related to their business activities, are made by bank transfer.

Settlements between these persons can also be made in cash. But there is an essential condition for this provision: the maximum amount of cash settlements between legal entities under one transaction is equal to 60 thousand rubles.

Thus, if an organization makes cash payments under one agreement, these payments should not exceed 60 thousand rubles. At the same time, she has the opportunity to pay for this transaction by bank transfer, for which no limits have been established. If cash payments are made under several agreements, the maximum amount of cash payments should not exceed 60 thousand rubles. for each contract separately. Therefore, if the contract amount exceeds the specified amount of 60 thousand rubles, the payment must be made in cashless form.

Now let's move on to the types of non-cash payments. You can choose one of the following types of calculations:

settlements by payment orders;
settlements under a letter of credit;
payments by checks;
collection settlements;
settlements with payment requirements.

To carry out such calculations, the following payment documents are used, corresponding to each type of such calculations:

money orders;
letters of credit;
checks;
payment requirements;
collection orders.

The total period for making non-cash payments should not exceed:

two operational days within the territory of a subject of the Federation;
five operational days within the territory of the Russian Federation.

If we talk about the advantages and disadvantages of such payment systems, we can highlight the following provisions:

Pros:

Flexibility of payments, since “chains” of transactions with various additional payments can be serviced.
Availability of bank documents, i.e. easy provability of calculations.
Impossibility of fraud with counterfeit money, “dolls”, etc.
Reducing costs associated with the transportation of cash, its accounting and storage;
Unlimited period of storage of funds in bank accounts;
Lack of a cash register and the need for its maintenance;
All cash is subject to mandatory delivery to the Bank after three days from the moment it is received at the cash desk (with the exception of funds for paying employees - salaries, which can be kept in the cash register for no more than 5 days), that is, cash is still subject to mandatory transfer in a non-cash form, so the initial non-cash payment will allow you to avoid making additional transactions with the bank and save time and money.

Minuses:

There is a danger of encountering or becoming dependent on the Bank’s “problems”, that is, difficulties or even the impossibility of transferring or withdrawing money from the account.
Increase in expenses associated with the appearance of various additional payments to the Bank for transactions performed.
A regular cash flow is required to pay for bank services and salaries of employees, which is not very convenient for starting small entrepreneurs;
Constant interaction with the bank is required, which includes certain costs;

Basically, this type of payment has clear advantages over cash payment, and the disadvantages can be eliminated if you carefully approach the issue of choosing a Bank and work within the framework of current legislation. Good luck!

What is cashless payment? What does non-cash payment mean?

What is cashless payment?

What does non-cash payment mean?

Cashless payments– a payment made without the use of cash, that is, money is credited to the recipient’s Bank account from the payer’s bank account through the bank. Non-cash payments are carried out through the bank, using mutual offsets, clearing settlements, credit cards, checks, bills. The functions that non-cash payments perform: accelerates the circulation of funds, reduces the need for cash when making transactions; reduces cash circulation costs. The non-cash movement of money is difficult to hide from regulatory authorities, therefore the state promotes the growth of the share of non-cash payments in the country's monetary circulation.

To make most non-cash payments, an individual must open a current account with a bank. The bank can make a money transfer on behalf of an individual and without opening an account (this option will be discussed below), with the exception of postal transfers. A current account is opened on the basis of a bank account agreement, which provides for settlement transactions not related to business activities. To open a current account (conclude a bank account agreement), an individual submits the following documents to the bank:

— passport or other document proving identity in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

— “Card with samples of signatures and seal imprints” of form 0401026 of the All-Russian Classifier of Management Documentation OK 011-93 (hereinafter referred to as f. 0401026), drawn up in the manner established by the Bank of Russia (Instruction of the Central Bank of June 21, 2003 No. 1297-u “On the procedure for issuing cards with samples of signatures and seal impressions");

— other documents provided for by law and/or bank account agreement.

If the data specified by an individual in the bank account agreement changes, he notifies the bank about this in the manner and within the time frame established by the agreement. When changing the last name, first name or patronymic, an individual presents to the bank a new identification document, on the basis of which a new f. card is issued. 0401026.

An individual has the right to grant another individual (trusted person) the right to dispose of funds in his current account on the basis of a power of attorney, which is certified by the bank in the presence of the principal and certified by the bank's seal. The power of attorney can also be certified by a notary. If a power of attorney is used, an additional card f. is provided to the bank. 0401026. The principal can terminate the power of attorney to manage the current account by submitting a corresponding application to the bank.

The bank writes off funds from the current account of an individual by order of the account owner or without his order (for example, by court decision) on the basis of settlement documents within the limits of funds available in the account. If there are no funds in the current account of an individual at the time of debiting the funds, as well as the right to receive a loan, including an overdraft, provided for in the agreement between the bank and the individual, settlement documents are not subject to execution and are returned to payers or collectors in the manner established by Regulation No. 2 -P.

The ability of an individual to make non-cash transfers in foreign currency directly depends on whether such a person is a resident of the Russian Federation for the purposes of currency regulation. In turn, citizens of the Russian Federation are recognized as residents, with the exception of those permanently residing or temporarily staying (on the basis of a work or study visa) in a foreign country for at least a year (clause “a”, paragraph 6, part 1, article 1 of the Law of December 10, 2003 N 173-FZ).

Cases when non-cash transfers in foreign currency are permitted and prohibited

Transfers in foreign currency between residents and non-residents, as well as between non-residents, are carried out without restrictions (Articles 6, 10 of Law No. 173-FZ).

Transfers in foreign currency between residents are prohibited, except in established cases, including (clauses 12, 13, 17, part 1, article 9 of Law No. 173-FZ):

transfer from the Russian Federation in favor of resident individuals to their accounts in banks outside the territory of the Russian Federation, subject to restrictions on the amount;
transfer by a resident in the Russian Federation from a bank account outside the territory of the Russian Federation in favor of resident individuals to their bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation;
transfer from your bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation in favor of resident spouses or close relatives to their bank accounts in the territory of the Russian Federation or abroad.

Residents can also make transfers of foreign currency to their own bank accounts both in the Russian Federation and abroad. There are no restrictions on the amount in this case.

Non-cash transfers in foreign currency can be carried out either from an account opened with a bank or without opening such an account.

Non-cash transfers from an account opened with a bank

When making a wire transfer in foreign currency from your account, you need to contact the bank where you have an account and submit certain documents.

So, you will need to present a document proving your identity and provide information about the recipient of the transfer (full name, name and details of the bank in which the recipient has an account, and the recipient’s account number). In addition, you will need to submit documents that the bank may request from you in order to implement currency control, including (Part 4 of Article 12 of Law No. 173-FZ; Clause 1 of Bank of Russia Directive No. 1868-U dated July 20, 2007 ):

1) when making a transfer for an amount exceeding USD 5,000 (or the equivalent at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date the funds were written off), information on confirmation of the recipient’s currency and accounting status (that the recipient is a non-resident). Banks independently determine in what form such information should be provided. This could be, for example, a copy of the recipient’s foreign citizen’s passport or an indication of the recipient’s non-resident status in the “Purpose of payment” column of the payment document;

2) when making a transfer to your bank account outside the territory of the Russian Federation - a notification submitted by the resident to the tax authority at the place of his registration about the opening of this account with a mark from the tax authority on its acceptance. This notification is provided only when making the first transfer. In the future it is not required;

3) when making a transfer to your spouse or close relative - documents (copies thereof) confirming the relationship, in particular a citizen’s passport, birth or marriage certificate.

The specified documents are not required if you are making a transfer to your spouse or relative to his account opened in a bank outside the territory of the Russian Federation for an amount not exceeding $5,000 (or the equivalent at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date the funds were written off).

Non-cash transfers without opening an account

Non-cash transfers without opening an account to individuals are carried out through money transfer systems.

To implement them, you need to make sure that there are service points of the selected system in the country and city where the recipient of the money transfer is located. As a rule, service points are banks with which payment systems have contractual relations.

At the payment system service point, you will need to present a document proving your identity and provide information about the recipient of the transfer (full name of the transfer recipient, country, city). After depositing funds into the cashier, you will be given a control code or other transfer identifier. This information will need to be passed on to the recipient of the transfer so that he can receive the funds.

A transfer without opening a bank account is carried out within no more than three working days from the date of provision of cash for such a transfer (Part 5 of Article 5 of the Law of June 27, 2011 N 161-FZ).

When making a transfer from the Russian Federation without opening a bank account through an authorized bank, there is also a restriction on the transfer amount. Thus, a transfer within one business day through one bank cannot exceed an amount equivalent to $5,000 at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date of application for the transfer (clause 5, 9, part 3, article 14 of Law No. 173- Federal Law; Directive of the Bank of Russia dated March 30, 2004 N 1412-U).

Note!

When a foreign state introduces bans on payment systems whose operators are registered by the Bank of Russia, a non-cash transfer without opening an account can be carried out from the Russian Federation to such a state if the payment system operators, payment infrastructure service operators, foreign organizations (except for foreign banks and credit organizations), on the basis of agreements with which the translation is made, are under the control of Russian organizations (Parts 1, 2, Article 19.1 of Law No. 161-FZ).

Features of electronic money transfer

Non-cash transfer without opening a bank account is also possible when transferring electronic funds (hereinafter referred to as EMF) using electronic payment systems (for example, WebMoney, Yandex.Money and Qiwi). At the same time, EMF transfers in foreign currency are subject to the requirements of the currency legislation of the Russian Federation (Part 3 of Article 5, Part 24 of Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).

Help.Electronic money

Electronic means are those funds that are previously provided by an individual to the EDS operator to fulfill his monetary obligations to third parties and in respect of which this individual has the right to transmit orders exclusively using electronic means of payment (clause 18 of Article 3 of Law N 161-FZ) .

In this case, an individual can provide funds to the e-money operator with or without using a bank account.

Also, funds in his favor can be provided to the EDS operator by organizations or individual entrepreneurs, if such a possibility is provided for in the agreement between the individual and the EDS operator. In turn, the latter creates a record of the amount of funds provided to him (Part 2, 4, Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).

The transfer of EDS in favor of their recipients is usually carried out on the basis of an order from an individual - the payer, and in some cases - at the request of EDS recipients. At the same time, EMF payers and recipients can be clients of one or several EMF operators (Parts 7, 8, Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).

As a rule, a transfer is carried out by simultaneous acceptance by the e-money operator of the payer’s order, reducing its e-money balance and increasing the recipient’s e-money balance by the amount of the transfer. A transfer using a payment card specially designed for this purpose is carried out within no more than three working days after the EDS operator accepts the payer’s order. A shorter period may be provided for by an agreement between the e-money operator and the payer or by the rules of the payment system. After this, the EDS transfer becomes irrevocable and the payer’s monetary obligations to the EDS recipient are terminated (Clause 26, Article 3, Parts 10, 11, 15, 17, Article 7 of Law No. 161-FZ).